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首页> 外文期刊>Desalination: The International Journal on the Science and Technology of Desalting and Water Purification >Destructive and non-destructive methods for biofouling analysis investigated at the Adelaide Desalination Pilot Plant
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Destructive and non-destructive methods for biofouling analysis investigated at the Adelaide Desalination Pilot Plant

机译：在阿德莱德海水淡化试验工厂研究的生物污损分析的破坏性和非破坏性方法

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In preparation for the operation of the 300 ML/day Adelaide Desalination Plant, a pilot plant was constructed to evaluate anticipated operational challenges, such as biofouling. Various methods for the control of biofouling have been proposed, however, in-situ early tools for detection of biofouling conditions in spiral wound reverse osmosis elements remain elusive. The current study investigated the use of novel methods for assessment of biofouling potential, using process stream samples obtained from the Adelaide Desalination Pilot Plant (ADPP). Non-destructive methods, including flow cytometry (FCM) and bacterial regrowth potential (BRP) analysis were used. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) analyses were employed during destructive membrane autopsy to compliment the findings of the FCM & BRP. 16S rRNA analysis was undertaken on seawater samples and autopsied membrane elements to evaluate whether sampling of bulk process streams could provide early warning of potential RO membrane biofouling bacteria. BRP analysis allowed for calculation of whether had assimilable organic carbon (AOC) was consumed by biofilm on the membrane or being sloughing from the surface. XPS and ToF-SMIS analysis facilitated detection of polysaccharides and proteins adhered to the membrane surface. ToF-SIMS also allowed for the detection of foreign chemical contaminant (i.e. organosilicone). 16S rRNA analysis identified the bacteria species within the biofilm. It also allowed for non-destructive analysis of the biofilm microbial composition via swabbing of the RO element's exterior case. 16S rRNA analysis of biofilm on the exterior surface of an RO element correlated well with the microbial composition of internal membrane surface biofilm. This finding could assist utilities as a rapid, non-destructive assessment of potentially biofouling species.
机译：为每天300毫升的阿德莱德海水淡化厂的运行做准备，建造了一个中试厂来评估预期的运行挑战，例如生物污染。已经提出了用于控制生物污损的各种方法，但是，用于检测螺旋伤口反渗透元件中的生物污损条件的现场早期工具仍然难以实现。当前的研究使用从阿德莱德海水淡化试验厂（ADPP）获得的工艺流程样品，研究了使用新方法评估生物污染潜力的方法。使用了非破坏性方法，包括流式细胞术（FCM）和细菌再生长潜力（BRP）分析。 X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和飞行时间二次离子质谱（ToF-SIMS）分析在破坏性膜尸检中被采用，以补充FCM和BRP的发现。对海水样品和经尸检的膜元件进行了1​​6S rRNA分析，以评估对大批量工艺流进行采样是否可以对潜在的RO膜生物污染细菌提供预警。通过BRP分析，可以计算出同化有机碳（AOC）是被膜上的生物膜消耗掉还是从表面掉落了。 XPS和ToF-SMIS分析有助于检测粘附在膜表面的多糖和蛋白质。 ToF-SIMS还允许检测外来化学污染物（即有机硅）。 16S rRNA分析鉴定了生物膜内的细菌种类。还可以通过擦拭RO元件的外壳进行生物膜微生物组成的非破坏性分析。 RO元件外表面生物膜的16S rRNA分析与内膜表面生物膜的微生物组成密切相关。这一发现可以帮助公用事业机构对潜在的生物污染物种进行快速，无损的评估。

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