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Plasticity in Dnmt3L-dependent and -independent modes of de novo methylation in the developing mouse embryo

机译:在发育中的小鼠胚胎中从头甲基化的Dnmt3L依赖性和非依赖性模式的可塑性

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摘要

A stimulatory DNA methyltransferase co-factor, Dnmt3L, has evolved in mammals to assist the process of de novo methylation, as genetically demonstrated in the germline. The function of Dnmt3L in the early embryo remains unresolved. By combining developmental and genetic approaches, we find that mouse embryos begin development with a maternal store of Dnmt3L, which is rapidly degraded and does not participate in embryonic de novo methylation. A zygotic-specific promoter of Dnmt3l is activated following gametic methylation loss and the potential recruitment of pluripotency factors just before implantation. Importantly, we find that zygotic Dnmt3L deficiency slows down the rate of de novo methylation in the embryo by affecting methylation density at some, but not all, genomic sequences. Dnmt3L is not strictly required, however, as methylation patterns are eventually established in its absence, in the context of increased Dnmt3A protein availability. This study proves that the postimplantation embryo is more plastic than the germline in terms of DNA methylation mechanistic choices and, importantly, that de novo methylation can be achieved in vivo without Dnmt3L.
机译:正如种系中的遗传学证据所示,一种刺激性DNA甲基转移酶辅助因子Dnmt3L在哺乳动物中已经进化出,可以帮助从头进行甲基化。 Dnmt3L在早期胚胎中的功能仍未解决。通过结合发展和遗传方法,我们发现小鼠胚胎开始与母体存储Dnmt3L开始发展,Dnmt3L迅速降解,并且不参与胚胎从头甲基化。 Dnmt3l的合子特异性启动子在配子甲基化丧失和多能性因子潜在植入后不久就被激活。重要的是,我们发现合子Dnmt3L缺乏会通过影响某些而非全部基因组序列的甲基化密度而减慢胚胎中从头甲基化的速度。 Dnmt3L不是严格要求的,但是,由于在增加Dnmt3A蛋白质利用率的情况下,甲基化模式最终会在不存在的情况下建立。这项研究证明,就DNA甲基化机制的选择而言,植入后的胚胎比种系具有更多的可塑性,而且重要的是,无需Dnmt3L即可在体内实现从头甲基化。

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