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首页> 外文期刊>Development >Oriented cell divisions asymmetrically segregate aPKC and generate cell fate diversity in the early Xenopus embryo.
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Oriented cell divisions asymmetrically segregate aPKC and generate cell fate diversity in the early Xenopus embryo.

机译：定向的细胞分裂非对称地分离aPKC并在非洲爪蟾早期胚胎中产生细胞命运多样性。

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摘要

A key feature of early vertebrate development is the formation of superficial, epithelial cells that overlie non-epithelial deep cells. In Xenopus, deep and superficial cells show a range of differences, including a different competence for primary neurogenesis. We show that the two cell populations are generated during the blastula stages by perpendicularly oriented divisions. These take place during several cell divisions, in a variable pattern, but at a percentage that varies little between embryos and from one division to the next. The orientation of division correlates with cell shape suggesting that simple geometric rules may control the orientation of division in this system. We show that dividing cells are molecularly polarised such that aPKC is localised to the external, apical, membrane. Membrane localised aPKC can be seen as early as the one-cell stage and during the blastula divisions, it is preferentially inherited by superficial cells. Finally, we show that when 64-cell stage isolated blastomeres divide perpendicularly and the daughters are cultured separately, only the progeny of the cells that inherit the apical membrane turn on the bHLH gene, ESR6e. We conclude that oriented cell divisions generate the superficial and deep cells and establish cell fate diversity between them.
机译：脊椎动物早期发育的关键特征是形成覆盖非上皮深层细胞的表皮上皮细胞。在非洲爪蟾中，深层和浅层细胞显示出一系列差异，包括对原代神经发生的不同能力。我们显示这两个细胞群体是在囊胚阶段通过垂直定向的分裂产生的。这些发生在几个细胞分裂期间，以可变模式发生，但是百分比在胚胎之间以及从一个分裂到另一个分裂之间变化很小。分裂的方向与细胞形状相关，表明简单的几何规则可以控制该系统中的分裂的方向。我们显示，分裂细胞是分子极化的，因此aPKC定位于外部，顶膜。膜定位的aPKC可以早在单细胞阶段看到，在囊胚分裂期间，它优先被表层细胞遗传。最后，我们表明，当64个细胞阶段分离的卵裂球垂直分开并分别培养其子代时，只有继承顶膜的细胞后代才能打开bHLH基因ESR6e。我们得出结论，定向的细胞分裂会产生表面和深层细胞，并在它们之间建立细胞命运的多样性。

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