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首页> 外文期刊>Development >Signaling dynamics of feather tract formation from the chick somatopleure.
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Signaling dynamics of feather tract formation from the chick somatopleure.

机译：雏鸡躯体形成的羽毛道形成的动态信号。

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摘要

In the chick, most feathers are restricted to specific areas of the skin, the feather tracts or pterylae, while other areas, such as the apteria, remain bare. In the embryo, the expansion and closure of the somatopleure leads to the juxtaposition of the ventral pteryla, midventral apterium and amnion. The embryonic proximal somatopleural mesoderm is determined to form a feather-forming dermis at 2 days of incubation (E2), while the embryonic distal and the extra-embryonic somatopleure remain open to determination. We found a progressive, lateral expression of Noggin in the embryonic area, and downregulation of Msx1, a BMP4 target gene, with Msx1 expression being ultimately restricted to the most distal embryonic and extra-embryonic somatopleural mesoderm. Msx1 downregulation thus correlates with the formation of the pterylae, and its maintenance to that of the apterium. Suspecting that the inhibition of BMP4 signaling might be linked to the determination of a feather-forming dermis, we grafted Noggin-expressing cells in the distal somatopleure at E2. This elicited the formation of a supplementary pteryla in the midventral apterium. Endogenous Noggin, which is secreted by the intermediate mesoderm at E2, then by the proximal somatopleure at E4, could be sufficient to suppress BMP4 signaling in the proximal somatopleural mesoderm and then in part of the distal somatopleure, thus in turn allowing the formation of the dense dermis of the future pterylae. The same result was obtained with the graft of Shh-producing cells, but Noggin and Shh are both required in order to change the future amnion into a feather-bearing skin. A possible synergistic role of endogenous Shh from the embryonic endoderm remains to be confirmed.
机译：在雏鸡中，大多数羽毛仅限于皮肤的特定区域，即羽毛束或翼节，而其他区域（如小嘴）则保持裸露。在胚胎中，体膜扩大和闭合导致腹侧翼状ery肉，腹中膜和羊膜并列。在孵化2天（E2）时，确定胚胎近端躯体胸膜中胚层形成形成羽毛的真皮，而胚胎远端和胚外体膜胸膜尚待确定。我们发现Noggin在胚胎区域逐渐表达，并下调Msx1（BMP4靶基因），Msx1的表达最终仅限于最远端的胚胎和胚外体膜中胚层。因此，Msx1的下调与翼状the肉的形成及其与精囊的维持有关。考虑到对BMP4信号的抑制可能与确定羽毛形成的真皮有关，我们在E2处将表达Noggin的细胞移植到了远端的乳突中。这引起在腹中膜中补充翼状ery肉的形成。内源性Noggin由E2的中间中胚层，然后由E4的近端体膜分泌，可能足以抑制BMP4信号在近端的体膜中胚层，然后在部分的远端体膜，从而反过来形成未来翼龙的致密真皮。用Shh产生细胞的移植物获得了相同的结果，但是都需要Noggin和Shh才能将未来的羊膜改变成带有羽毛的皮肤。来自胚胎内胚层的内源性Shh可能的协同作用仍有待证实。

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