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首页> 外文期刊>Development >Signalling by the FGFR-like tyrosine kinase, Kringelchen, is essential for bud detachment in Hydra vulgaris.
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Signalling by the FGFR-like tyrosine kinase, Kringelchen, is essential for bud detachment in Hydra vulgaris.

机译：FGFR样酪氨酸激酶Kringelchen发出的信号对于寻常九头蛇的芽脱离至关重要。

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摘要

Signalling through fibroblast growth factors (FGFR) is essential for proper morphogenesis in higher evolved triploblastic organisms. By screening for genes induced during morphogenesis in the diploblastic Hydra, we identified a receptor tyrosine kinase (kringelchen) with high similarity to FGFR tyrosine kinases. The gene is dynamically upregulated during budding, the asexual propagation of Hydra. Activation occurs in body regions, in which the intrinsic positional value changes. During tissue displacement in the early bud, kringelchen RNA is transiently present ubiquitously. A few hours later - coincident with the acquisition of organiser properties by the bud tip - a few cells in the apical tip express the gene strongly. About 20 hours after the onset of evagination, expression is switched on in a ring of cells surrounding the bud base, and shortly thereafter vanishes from the apical expression zone. The basal ring persists in the parent during tissue contraction and foot formation in the young polyp,until several hours after bud detachment. Inhibition of bud detachment by head regeneration results in severe distortion, disruption or even complete loss of the well-defined ring-like expression zone. Inhibition of FGFR signalling by SU5402 or, alternatively, inhibition of translation by phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides inhibited detachment of buds, indicating that, despite the dynamic expression pattern, the crucial phase for FGFR signalling in Hydra morphogenesis lies in bud detachment. Although Kringelchen groups with the FGFR family, it is not known whether this protein is able to bind FGFs, which have not been isolated from Hydra so far.
机译：通过成纤维细胞生长因子（FGFR）发出的信号对于在高度进化的三叶母生物中正常形态发生至关重要。通过筛选在双叶细胞Hydra形态发生过程中诱导的基因，我们确定了与FGFR酪氨酸激酶高度相似的受体酪氨酸激酶（kringelchen）。该基因在芽（Hydra的无性繁殖）过程中被动态上调。激活发生在身体部位，其中固有位置值发生变化。在早期芽中的组织移位过程中，无处不在的存在短暂的kringelchen RNA。几个小时后-与芽尖获得组织者特性相吻合-顶尖中的一些细胞强烈表达该基因。撤离开始后约20小时，在芽基周围的细胞环中启动表达，此后不久从顶端表达区消失。在幼虫的组织收缩和足形成过程中，基环持续存在于亲本中，直至芽脱离后数小时。头部再生对芽脱离的抑制导致严重的扭曲，破坏，甚至完全丧失明确定义的环状表达区。 SU5402对FGFR信号的抑制，或者硫代磷酸反义寡核苷酸对翻译的抑制，抑制了芽的分离，这表明，尽管存在动态表达模式，但在九头蛇形态发生中FGFR信号的关键阶段在于芽的分离。尽管Kringelchen属于FGFR家族，但尚不清楚该蛋白是否能够结合FGF，到目前为止尚未从Hydra分离出该蛋白。

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