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首页> 外文期刊>Development >Arabidopsis HAP2 (GCS1) is a sperm-specific gene required for pollen tube guidance and fertilization.
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Arabidopsis HAP2 (GCS1) is a sperm-specific gene required for pollen tube guidance and fertilization.

机译：拟南芥HAP2（GCS1）是花粉管引导和受精所需的精子特异性基因。

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摘要

In flowering plants, sperm cells develop in the pollen cytoplasm and are transported through floral tissues to an ovule by a pollen tube, a highly polarized cellular extension. After targeting an ovule, the pollen tube bursts, releasing two sperm that fertilize an egg and a central cell. Here, we identified the gene encoding Arabidopsis HAP2, demonstrating that it is allelic to GCS1. HAP2 is expressed only in the haploid sperm and is required for efficient pollen tube guidance to ovules. We identified an insertion (hap2-1) that disrupts the C-terminal portion of the protein and tags mutant pollen grains with the beta-glucuronidase reporter. By monitoring reporter expression, we showed that hap2-1 does not diminish pollen tube length in vitro or in the pistil, but it reduces ovule targeting by twofold. In addition, we show that the hap2 sperm that are delivered to ovules fail to initiate fertilization. HAP2 is predicted to encode a protein with an N-terminal secretion signal, a single transmembrane domain and a C-terminal histidine-rich domain. These results point to a dual role for HAP2, functioning in both pollen tube guidance and in fertilization. Moreover, our findings suggest that sperm, long considered to be passive cargo, are involved in directing the pollen tube to its target.
机译：在开花植物中，精子细胞在花粉细胞质中发育，并通过花粉管（高度极化的细胞延伸）通过花体组织转运到胚珠。瞄准胚珠后，花粉管破裂，释放出两个精子，使卵子和中央细胞受精。在这里，我们鉴定了编码拟南芥HAP2的基因，表明它与GCS1等位基因。 HAP2仅在单倍体精子中表达，是有效将花粉管引导至胚珠所必需的。我们确定了插入（hap2-1），它破坏了蛋白质的C端部分，并用β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶报道分子标记了突变的花粉粒。通过监测报告基因的表达，我们显示hap2-1不会减少体外或雌蕊中的花粉管长度，但会使胚珠靶向性降低两倍。此外，我们表明，传递给胚珠的hap2精子无法启动受精。预测HAP2编码具有N端分泌信号，单个跨膜结构域和C端富含组氨酸的结构域的蛋白质。这些结果表明，HAP2在花粉管引导和受精中均起着双重作用。此外，我们的发现表明，长期以来被认为是被动货物的精子参与了将花粉管引向目标的过程。

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