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首页> 外文期刊>Developmental psychology >Comparing Changes in Late-Life Depressive Symptoms Across Aging, Disablement, and Mortality Processes
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Comparing Changes in Late-Life Depressive Symptoms Across Aging, Disablement, and Mortality Processes

机译：比较衰老，残疾和死亡率过程中的晚期抑郁症状的变化

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Developmental processes are inherently time-related, with various time metrics and transition points being used to proxy how change is organized with respect to the theoretically underlying mechanisms. Using data from 4 Swedish studies of individuals aged 70-100+ (N = 453) who were measured every 2 years for up to 5 waves, we tested whether depressive symptoms (according to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; Radloff, 1977) are primarily driven by aging-, disablement-, or mortality-related processes, as operationally defined by time-from-birth, time-to/from-disability-onset (1st reported impairment in Personal Activities of Daily Living; Katz, Ford, Moskowitz, Jackson, & Jaffe, 1963), and time-to-death metrics. Using an approach based on Akaike weights, we tested whether developmental trajectories (for each time metric) of depressive symptoms in late life are more efficiently described as a single continuous process or as a 2-phase process. Comparing fits of linear and multiphase growth models, we found that 2-phase models demonstrated better fit than did single-phase models across all time metrics. Time-to-death and time-to/from-disability-onset models provided more efficient descriptions of changes in depressive symptoms than did time-from-birth models, with time-to-death models representing the best overall fit. Our findings support prior research that late-life changes in depressive symptoms are driven by disablement and, particularly, mortality processes, rather than advancing chronological age. From a practical standpoint, time-to/from-disability-onset and, particularly, time-to-death metrics may provide better "base" models from which to examine changes in late-life depressive symptoms and determine modifiable risk and protective factors. Developmental researchers across content areas can compare age with other relevant time metrics to determine if chronological age or other processes drive the underlying developmental change in their construct of interest.
机译：开发过程本质上与时间相关，使用各种时间度量和过渡点来代替相对于理论基础机制的变化组织方式。使用来自瑞典的4项70-100岁以上（N = 453）个体的研究数据，每2年进行一次长达5次的测量，我们测试了是否存在抑郁症状（根据流行病学研究中心的抑郁量表; Radloff，1977年）主要由衰老，残疾或与死亡相关的过程所驱动，在操作上是根据出生时间，残疾开始时间/残疾开始时间来定义的（第1次报告的日常生活中个人活动的损害; Katz，Ford， Moskowitz，Jackson和Jaffe，1963年）以及死亡时间指标。使用基于Akaike权重的方法，我们测试了晚期抑郁症状的发展轨迹（对于每个时间度量）是否更有效地描述为单个连续过程或两个阶段的过程。比较线性和多阶段增长模型的拟合度，我们发现在所有时间指标上，两阶段模型的拟合度均优于单阶段模型。相对于出生时间模型，死亡时间模型和残疾时间模型可以更有效地描述抑郁症状的变化，而死亡时间模型则代表了最佳的总体适应性。我们的发现支持先前的研究，即抑郁症的晚期变化是由残疾（尤其是死亡过程）驱动的，而不是按年龄增长。从实践的角度来看，发病时间/从残疾开始的时间，尤其是死亡时间的度量标准可以提供更好的“基础”模型，从中可以检查后代抑郁症状的变化并确定可改变的风险和保护因素。跨内容领域的开发研究人员可以将年龄与其他相关的时间指标进行比较，以确定时间顺序的年龄或其他过程是否推动了他们感兴趣的结构的潜在发展变化。

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