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Preschoolers Can Infer General Rules Governing Fantastical Events in Fiction

机译：学龄前儿童可以推断出幻想小说中的一般规则

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摘要

Young children are frequently exposed to fantastic fiction. How do they make sense of the unrealistic and impossible events that occur in such fiction? Although children could view such events as isolated episodes, the present experiments suggest that children use such events to infer general fantasy rules. In 2 experiments, 2- to 4-year-olds were shown scenarios in which 2 animals behaved unrealistically (N = 78 in Experiment 1, N = 94 in Experiment 2). When asked to predict how other animals in the fiction would behave, children predicted novel behaviors consistent with the nature of the fiction. These findings suggest that preschoolers can infer the general rules that govern the events and entities in fantastic fiction and can use these rules to predict what events will happen in the fiction. The findings also provide evidence that children may infer fantasy rules at a more superordinate level than the basic level.
机译：年幼的孩子经常被幻想得虚构。他们如何理解此类小说中发生的不现实和不可能的事件？尽管儿童可以将此类事件视为孤立的情节，但本实验表明，儿童使用此类事件来推断一般的幻想规则。在2个实验中，向2至4岁的孩子展示了2个动物的行为不切实际的情况（实验1中的N = 78，实验2中的N = 94）。当被要求预测小说中其他动物的行为时，孩子们会预测与小说性质相符的新颖行为。这些发现表明，学龄前儿童可以推断出控制虚构小说中事件和实体的一般规则，并可以使用这些规则来预测小说中将发生什么事件。研究结果还提供了证据，表明儿童可能在比基本水平更上层的层次上推断出幻想规则。

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