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BRIEF REPORT Genetics of Parenting: The Power of the Dark Side

机译：简要报告育儿的遗传学：黑暗面的力量

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Reviews of behavioral genetic studies note that "control" aspects of parenting yield low estimates of heritability, while "affective" aspects (parental feelings) yield moderate estimates. Research to date has not specifically considered whether positive and negative aspects of parenting-for both feelings and control-may explain these etiological distinctions. We addressed this issue using parent reports of parenting in a large twin sample in the United Kingdom, at ages 9 (N = 2,260 twin pairs), 12 (N = 3,850 twin pairs) and 14 (N = 2,293 twin pairs) years. Our findings supported previous work indicating that parental feelings show greater heritability (h~2) than control (across all ages, mean h~2 feelings = .42, control = .13). Of specific interest is our novel finding that for control as well as for feelings, the heritability for negative aspects of parenting was greater than for positive aspects (e.g., across all ages, mean h~2 total negativity = .44; total positivity = .12). Results across the 3 ages using common pathway models for all scales further endorsed our hypotheses. Previous research has shown that children's genetically driven characteristics elicit parenting; our pattern of our results suggests that what is critical is the "dark" side of these characteristics for eliciting negativity from parents, whether feelings toward the child or control strategies are considered. Improving understanding of how the environment is shaped by the dark side is important theoretically and, ultimately, for targeting intervention.
机译：行为遗传学研究的评论指出，育儿的“控制”方面对遗传力的估计较低，而“情感”方面（父母的感受）则产生中等的估计。迄今为止的研究尚未明确考虑父母的正面和负面方面（无论是感情还是控制方面）是否可以解释这些病因学差异。我们使用父母在9岁（N = 2,260对双胞胎），12岁（N = 3,850对双胞胎）和14岁（N = 2,293对双胞胎）的父母的父母报告中解决了这个问题。我们的发现支持了以前的工作，表明父母的感受力比对照具有更高的遗传力（h〜2）（在所有年龄段，平均的h〜2感受力= 0.42，控制力= 0.13）。特别令人感兴趣的是我们的新发现，即对于控制力和情感，父母教养的负面方面的遗传力大于正面方面（例如，在所有年龄段，平均h〜2总阴性= 0.44;总阳性=）。 12）。使用所有路径的通用路径模型在3个年龄段得到的结果进一步证实了我们的假设。先前的研究表明，儿童的遗传驱动特征会导致父母养育子女。我们的结果模式表明，至关重要的是，这些特征的“黑暗”方面会引起父母的消极情绪，无论是考虑对孩子的感觉还是控制策略。在理论上，最终对于有针对性的干预，增进对黑暗面如何形成环境的理解非常重要。

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