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首页> 外文期刊>Developmental psychology >Age differences in reaction time and attention in a national telephone sample of adults: Education, sex, and task complexity matter
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Age differences in reaction time and attention in a national telephone sample of adults: Education, sex, and task complexity matter

机译：全国成人电话样本中反应时间和注意力的年龄差异：教育，性别和任务复杂性很重要

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摘要

This study demonstrated effects of age, education, and sex on complex reaction time in a large national sample (N = 3,616) with a wide range in age (32-85) and education. Participants completed speeded auditory tasks (from the MIDUS [Midlife in the U.S.] Stop and Go Switch Task) by telephone. Complexity ranged from a simple repeated task to an alternating task that involved central executive processes including attention switching and inhibitory control. Increased complexity was associated with slower responses in older adults, those with lower education, and women, even after controlling for differences in health status. Higher levels of education were associated with greater central executive efficiency across adulthood: Overall, adults with college degrees performed on complex tasks like less educated individuals who were 10 years younger, up to age 75. These findings suggest that advanced education can moderate age differences on complex speeded tasks that require central executive processes, at least up to the point in old age at which biological declines predominate. The approach demonstrates the utility of combining laboratory paradigms with survey methods to enable the study of larger, more diverse and representative samples across the lifespan.
机译：这项研究在年龄范围（32-85岁）和教育程度较大的全国样本（N = 3,616）中证明了年龄，教育程度和性别对复杂反应时间的影响。参与者通过电话完成了快速的听觉任务（来自MIDUS [美国中部生活] Stop and Go Switch Task）。复杂性从简单的重复任务到涉及中央执行流程（包括注意力转移和抑制控制）的交替任务不等。即使控制了健康状况的差异，复杂性的增加也与老年人，受教育程度较低的人和妇女的反应较慢有关。较高的教育水平与整个成年期中央执行效率的提高相关：总的来说，具有大学学位的成年人执行复杂的任务，例如受教育程度较低的人（年龄小于10岁，最高年龄为75岁）。这些发现表明，高等教育可以缓解需要中央执行程序的复杂而快速的任务，至少要到生物衰落占主导地位的老年时为止。该方法证明了将实验室范式与调查方法相结合的实用性，从而能够研究整个生命周期中更大，更多样化和更具代表性的样本。

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