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首页> 外文期刊>Turkish Journal of Agriculture & Forestry >Insect-resistant transgenic crops: retrospect and challenges
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Insect-resistant transgenic crops: retrospect and challenges

机译：抗虫转基因作物：回顾与挑战

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摘要

The advent of genetic engineering has revolutionized agriculture remarkably with the development of superior insect-resistant crop varieties harboring resistance against insect pests. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been used as a main source for insect-resistant genes. In addition to Bt endotoxins, various plant lectins and other non-Bt genes from different sources have also been introduced in crop plants of economic importance. The insect-resistant crops have made a huge economic impact worldwide since their commercial release. The cultivation of insect-resistant cultivars has resulted both in increased crop productivity and in decreased environmental pollution. Although insect-resistant crops have been allowed to be commercialized following proper biosafety guidelines and procedures, still these crops face many challenges in order to be fully adopted and accepted. The degradation kinetics of Bt proteins, horizontal and vertical gene flow, effects on nontarget insects or organisms, antibiotic resistance, and some other unintended effects have been noted and discussed. Although no concrete evidence regarding any significant hazard of genetically engineered crops has been presented so far, the debate still remains intense. Impartial and professionally competent regulatory mechanisms for the evaluation of insect-resistant and other transgenic crops must be fully functionalized. The first part of this review focuses the development of different insect-resistant crops and various strategies adapted to delay resistance development in insect pests, while the second part addresses the challenges and future prospects of insect-resistant crops.
机译：基因工程的出现极大地改变了农业，带来了对害虫具有抗药性的优良抗虫作物品种的发展。苏云金芽孢杆菌（Btillus thuringiensis）已被用作抗虫基因的主要来源。除Bt内毒素外，各种植物凝集素和其他来源的非Bt基因也已被引入具有重要经济意义的农作物中。自商业推广以来，抗虫作物已在全球范围内产生了巨大的经济影响。抗虫品种的种植既提高了作物的产量，又减少了环境污染。尽管已按照适当的生物安全准则和程序允许将抗虫作物商业化，但这些作物仍面临许多挑战，以便被充分采用和接受。已经注意到并讨论了Bt蛋白的降解动力学，水平和垂直基因流，对非靶标昆虫或生物的影响，抗生素抗性以及一些其他意外影响。尽管到目前为止，还没有关于转基因农作物的任何重大危害的具体证据，但辩论仍很激烈。评估抗虫性和其他转基因作物的公正和专业的监管机制必须充分发挥作用。这篇综述的第一部分着重于开发不同的抗虫作物和各种策略以适应延缓害虫抗药性的发展，而第二部分则着眼于抗虫作物的挑战和未来前景。

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