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Global economics of nutrient cycling

机译：营养循环的全球经济学

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This paper briefly discusses global human requirements of protein nitrogen (N) from crops and animals, and then estimates the need for fertilizer N as a function of N use efficiency, and the recycling of N from animal manure and sewage wastes. These estimates are based on various assumptions and simple calculations. Results suggest that globally only 1% of N input is retained, 28% is lost to the wider environment, and some 70% is potentially available for recycling via manure and sewage. In addition, large amounts of nutrients recycle via crop residues. In practice, only a fraction of this potential is realized, in part because of the segregation of crop production systems from animal production (land-less livestock) systems and of the lack of economic incentives for recycling. As a consequence, nutrient use efficiency is low and nutrients are lost to the environment and create a cascade of unwanted side-effects. To economize on nutrients, side-effects of their use have to be internalized in decision making. This may be done via deposits and/or taxes to emphasize the non-disposal nature of nutrients. Increasingly, government policies provide incentives for recycling nutrients, but there are clear limits to the implementation of environmental regulations. Instead, we foresee a role for the fertilizer industry in processing and recycling animal manure from land-less livestock systems.
机译：本文简要讨论了人类对农作物和动物中蛋白质氮（N）的需求，然后估算了对肥料氮的需求与氮素利用效率的关系，以及动物粪便和污水废物中氮素的循环利用。这些估计基于各种假设和简单的计算。结果表明，在全球范围内仅保留了1％的氮输入，28％的氮被更广泛的环境损失，大约70％的氮可通过粪便和污水进行回收。另外，大量的养分通过农作物残渣循环利用。在实践中，仅能实现这一潜力的一小部分，部分原因是农作物生产系统与动物生产（无土地牲畜）系统分离，并且缺乏回收的经济诱因。结果，养分的利用效率低，养分流失到环境中，并产生了一系列有害的副作用。为了节省养分，必须在决策过程中考虑养分使用的副作用。可以通过增加押金和/或税收来强调营养素的非处置性质。政府政策越来越多地鼓励人们回收养分，但是对环境法规的实施存在明显的限制。相反，我们预见了化肥行业在处理和回收无土地牲畜系统中的动物粪便中的作用。

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