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Colorectal Cancer in Young Adults

机译：成年人结直肠癌

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The incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been decreasing in adults over 50 years of age, however, these rates have been increasing in adults under 50. The majority of CRC in young adults is sporadic, and is likely due to behavioral and environmental causes, however the exact etiology still remains unclear. The minority of CRC in this population is due to inherited CRC syndromes. Young adults with CRC are often symptomatic (abdominal pain, rectal bleeding), and diagnosis is often delayed due to reasons such as under-utilized health care services, and physicians attributing symptoms to diagnoses other than CRC. Young adults with CRC often have more aggressive tumor characteristics, but they tend to have better survival rates when compared with older adults when matched for stage. Treatment is the same for young patients with CRC, however there are issues that arise in this population that do not necessarily affect older adults, such as the negative effect of chemotherapy/radiation on fertility. It is not clear that screening individuals for CRC at ages under 50 is beneficial or cost-effective. Further studies are needed regarding this topic.
机译：在50岁以上的成年人中，结直肠癌（CRC）的发病率和死亡率一直在下降，但是，在50岁以下的成年人中，这些发病率和死亡率一直在上升。年轻人中的大多数CRC散发，很可能是由于行为和环境原因，但是确切的病因仍不清楚。该人群中的少数CRC是由于遗传性CRC综合征引起的。患有CRC的年轻成年人通常有症状（腹部疼痛，直肠出血），并且由于诸如未充分利用的医疗服务以及医生将症状归因于CRC以外的其他原因而常常导致诊断延迟。 CRC的年轻成年人通常具有更具侵略性的肿瘤特征，但与年龄较大的成年人相匹配时，它们往往具有更好的生存率。 CRC的年轻患者的治疗方法相同，但是该人群中出现的问题不一定会影响老年人，例如化学疗法/放疗对生育能力的负面影响。目前尚不清楚对50岁以下的儿童进行CRC筛查是否有益或具有成本效益。关于此主题需要进一步的研究。

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