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首页> 外文期刊>Drug and alcohol review >Models of policy-making and their relevance for drug research.
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Models of policy-making and their relevance for drug research.

机译：决策模型及其与药物研究的相关性。

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INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Researchers are often frustrated by their inability to influence policy. We describe models of policy-making to provide new insights and a more realistic assessment of research impacts on policy. DESIGN AND METHODS: We describe five prominent models of policy-making and illustrate them with examples from the alcohol and drugs field, before drawing lessons for researchers. RESULTS: Policy-making is a complex and messy process, with different models describing different elements. We start with the incrementalist model, which highlights small amendments to policy, as occurs in school-based drug education. A technical/rational approach then outlines the key steps in a policy process from identification of problems and their causes, through to examination and choice of response options, and subsequent implementation and evaluation. There is a clear role for research, as we illustrate with the introduction of new medications, but this model largely ignores the dominant political aspects of policy-making. Such political aspects include the influence of interest groups, and we describe models about power and pressure groups, as well as advocacy coalitions, and the challenges they pose for researchers. These are illustrated with reference to the alcohol industry, and interest group conflicts in establishing a Medically Supervised Injecting Centre. Finally, we describe the multiple streams framework, which alerts researchers to 'windows of opportunity', and we show how these were effectively exploited in policy for cannabis law reform in Western Australia. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Understanding models of policy-making can help researchers maximise the uptake of their work and advance evidence-informed policy.
机译：引言和目的：研究人员常常因无法影响政策而感到沮丧。我们描述了决策模型，以提供新的见解和更现实的研究对政策影响的评估。设计与方法：在为研究人员吸取教训之前，我们描述了五个主要的决策模型，并以酒精和毒品领域的实例为例进行了说明。结果：政策制定是一个复杂而混乱的过程，不同的模型描述了不同的要素。我们从增量主义模型开始，该模型突出了对政策的微小修改，就像在学校毒品教育中一样。然后，技术/合理方法概述了政策过程中的关键步骤，从发现问题及其根源到检查和选择应对方案，以及随后的实施和评估。正如我们在新药的介绍中所说明的那样，研究具有明显的作用，但是该模型在很大程度上忽略了决策的主要政治方面。这些政治方面包括利益集团的影响，我们描述了有关权力和压力集团，倡导联盟的模型，以及它们对研究人员提出的挑战。这些是参照酒精行业进行说明的，利益集团在建立医疗监督注射中心时发生冲突。最后，我们描述了多重信息流框架，该框架使研究人员警惕“机会之窗”，并展示了如何在西澳大利亚的大麻法改革政策中有效地利用这些机会。讨论与结论：理解决策模型可以帮助研究人员最大程度地利用他们的工作并推进循证知情的政策。

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