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Influence of Input Materials and Composting Operation on Humification of Organic Matter

机译：投入物料和堆肥操作对有机物增湿的影响

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摘要

Composts play an important role in the context of resource recovery and soil improvement by increasing soil organic matter. This study focuses on compost quality in terms of humic acid (HA) content which due to its favorable properties provides benefits for soils and plants. A series of Austrian and foreign composts (174 samples) were investigated to find out the level of HAs built up during composting. HA contents from 5.4% ODM to 46.8% ODM were determined. The influence of input materials and process operation on HA formation was demonstrated by monitoring several composting processes. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and thermal analysis such as thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were applied as analytical tools for process and product control. Well-balanced mixtures of biowaste comprising kitchen-, market- and yard waste were found to provide the best conditions for HA formation. In these biowastes not only suitable molecules for humification were available, but microbial activity was also maintained for a longer period due to the diverse degradability of chemical compounds. Moderate aeration favored humification whereas too much air supply promoted mineralization. HAs undergo maturation during composting which was revealed by changes of spectral and thermal patterns and the increase of enthalpy. HAs are a sink for carbon and nitrogen. The nitrogen content in HAs was in the range from 5.11 to 8.91% of HA dry matter. The contribution to the total nitrogen in the composts was found to be 15 to 61%. HA molecules contain 48 to 54% carbon. HAs play an important role in carbon sequestration and will be considered as a key factor for carbon credits in the future.
机译：通过增加土壤有机质，堆肥在资源恢复和土壤改良方面发挥着重要作用。这项研究的重点是腐殖酸（HA）含量方面的堆肥质量，由于腐殖酸的有利特性，对土壤和植物都有好处。对一系列奥地利和国外堆肥（174个样本）进行了调查，以了解堆肥过程中积累的HA的水平。确定了HA含量从5.4％ODM到46.8％ODM。通过监控数个堆肥过程，证明了投入物料和过程操作对HA形成的影响。傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱和热分析（例如热重法（TG）和差示扫描量热法（DSC））被用作过程和产品控制的分析工具。发现包括厨房垃圾，市场垃圾和院子垃圾在内的生物垃圾混合物平衡良好，为HA的形成提供了最佳条件。在这些生物废料中，不仅可获得用于腐殖化的合适分子，而且由于化合物的多种降解能力，其微生物活性也可维持更长的时间。适度的通气有利于增湿，而过多的空气会促进矿化。 HAs在堆肥过程中会经历成熟，这通过光谱和热图谱的变化以及焓的增加来揭示。 HA是碳和氮的汇。 HA中的氮含量为HA干物质的5.11％至8.91％。发现堆肥中对总氮的贡献为15％至61％。 HA分子含有48％至54％的碳。 HA在碳固存中发挥重要作用，并将在将来被视为碳信用额的关键因素。

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