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Nitrogen Transformation and Losses during Composting and Mitigation Strategies

机译：堆肥和减缓策略中的氮转化和损失

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摘要

Composting organic material, such as livestock manure, reduces its odor and C:N ratio while sanitizing and improving its physical properties. However, the biggest challenge in composting is N loss, mainly as NH_3 and to a lesser extent as N_2O. Ammonia contributes to smog formation and reduces air quality. Near large feedlot operations, high atmospheric NH_3 depositions have been linked to plant diversity decline, soil acidification and surface water eutrophication. Emission of N_2O contributes to global warming and climate change. This paper reviews the mechanisms responsible for N transformation and NH_3 and N_2O emissions during composting, primarily of livestock manure, and strategies used to mitigate N losses.
机译：对有机材料（例如牲畜粪便）进行堆肥可减少其气味和碳氮比，同时可以消毒并改善其物理性能。然而，堆肥的最大挑战是氮的流失，主要是NH_3的损失，而N_2O的影响较小。氨有助于形成烟雾并降低空气质量。在大型饲养场附近，大气中NH_3的高沉积与植物多样性下降，土壤酸化和地表水富营养化有关。 N_2O的排放导致全球变暖和气候变化。本文综述了堆肥过程中主要是牲畜粪便中氮转化以及NH_3和N_2O排放的机理，以及用于减轻氮损失的策略。

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