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首页> 外文期刊>Drug and alcohol review >From the brain to bad behaviour and back again: neurocognitive and psychobiological mechanisms of driving while impaired by alcohol.
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From the brain to bad behaviour and back again: neurocognitive and psychobiological mechanisms of driving while impaired by alcohol.

机译：从大脑到不良行为再到后退：酒后驾驶时的神经认知和心理生物学机制。

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ISSUES: Driving while impaired by alcohol (DWI) is responsible for substantial mortality and injury. Significant gaps in our understanding of DWI re-offending, or recidivism, reduce our ability to practically assess recidivism probability and to match interventions to individual risk profiles. These shortcomings reflect the baffling heterogeneity in the DWI population and the limited focus of much existing DWI recidivism research to psychosocial, psychological and substance use correlates. APPROACH: This narrative review summarises the evidence for the contribution of neurocognitive and psychobiological mechanisms to DWI behaviour and recidivism. Given the nascent nature of this literature, insight into the putative contribution of these mechanisms to DWI is also drawn from other experimental literatures, particularly those on alcohol use disorders and cognitive and behavioural neuroscience. KEY FINDINGS: Alcohol-related neurotoxicity and dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and serotonergic systems may underlie certain offender characteristics consistently correlated with heightened DWI risk, persistence and intervention resistance. Their markers are less vulnerable to sources of bias than subjective psychosocial indices and are more far-reaching than alcohol abuse in explaining DWI behaviour and recidivism. Implications. The investigation of neurocognitive and psychobiological mechanisms in DWI research is a promising avenue for discerning clinically meaningful subgroups within the DWI population. This can lead to research and development in alternative assessment and more targeted intervention technologies. CONCLUSION: Multidimensional research in DWI and recidivism offers novel avenues for increasing road safety.
机译：问题：酒后驾驶（DWI）造成大量死亡和伤害。在我们对DWI再犯或累犯的理解上存在巨大差距，这降低了我们实际评估累犯概率并使干预措施与个人风险状况相匹配的能力。这些缺点反映了DWI人群中令人困惑的异质性，以及许多现有的DWI累犯研究对社会心理，心理和物质使用相关性的关注有限。方法：该叙述性综述总结了神经认知和心理生物学机制对DWI行为和累犯的贡献的证据。考虑到这些文献的新生性质，还从其他实验文献中获得了对这些机制对DWI推定贡献的见解，特别是那些关于酒精使用障碍以及认知和行为神经科学的文献。主要发现：酒精相关的神经毒性和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴和血清素能系统的失调可能是某些违法者特征的特征，这些特征与DWI风险，持续性和干预抵抗力的升高始终相关。与主观心理社会指标相比，他们的标记更不容易受到偏见的影响，并且在解释DWI行为和累犯方面比酗酒更深远。含义。在DWI研究中对神经认知和心理生物学机制的研究是识别DWI人群中具有临床意义的亚组的有前途的途径。这可以导致替代评估和更具针对性的干预技术的研究与开发。结论：DWI和累犯的多维研究为提高道路安全性提供了新途径。

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