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首页> 外文期刊>Drug and alcohol review >MDMA, methamphetamine and their combination: possible lessons for party drug users from recent preclinical research.
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MDMA, methamphetamine and their combination: possible lessons for party drug users from recent preclinical research.

机译：摇头丸，甲基苯丙胺及其组合：从近期的临床前研究中可能为吸毒者吸取教训。

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摘要

The substituted amphetamines 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'Ecstasy') and methamphetamine (METH, 'ice', 'speed') are increasingly popular drugs amongst party-drug users. Studies with humans have investigated the acute and possible long-term adverse effects of these drugs, yet outcomes of such studies are often ambiguous due to a variety of confounding factors. Studies employing animal models have value in determining the acute and long-term effects of MDMA and METH on brain and behaviour. Self-administration studies show that intravenous METH is a particularly potent reinforcer in rats and other species. In contrast, MDMA appears to have powerful effects in enhancing social behaviour in laboratory animals. Brief exposure to MDMA or METH may produce long-term reductions in dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline in the brain and alterations in the density of various receptor and transporter proteins. However it is still unclear, particularly in the case of MDMA, whether this reflects a 'neurotoxic' effect of the drug. Lasting alterations in social behaviour, anxiety, depressive symptoms and memory have been demonstrated in laboratory rats given MDMA or METH and this matches long-term changes reported in some human studies. Recent laboratory studies suggest that MDMA/METH combinations may produce greater adverse neurochemical and behavioural effects than either drug alone. This is of some concern given recent evidence that party drug users may be frequently exposed to this combination of drugs.
机译：取代的苯丙胺3,4-亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA，摇头丸）和甲基苯丙胺（METH，``冰''，``速度''）在派对药物使用者中越来越受欢迎。对人类的研究已经调查了这些药物的急性和可能的​​长期不良反应，但是由于各种混杂因素，此类研究的结果往往是模棱两可的。采用动物模型的研究对于确定MDMA和METH对大脑和行为的急性和长期影响具有价值。自我管理研究表明，静脉注射甲基苯丙氨酸甲酯在大鼠和其他物种中是特别有效的增强剂。相反，MDMA似乎在增强实验动物的社交行为方面具有强大的作用。短暂暴露于MDMA或METH可能会长期降低大脑中的多巴胺，5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素，并会改变各种受体和转运蛋白的密度。然而，仍然不清楚，特别是在MDMA的情况下，这是否反映了药物的“神经毒性”作用。在给予MDMA或METH的实验大鼠中，社会行为，焦虑，抑郁症状和记忆力的持久变化已得到证实，这与某些人体研究中报道的长期变化相吻合。最近的实验室研究表明，与单独使用任一药物相比，MDMA / METH组合可能产生更大的不良神经化学和行为影响。考虑到最近有证据表明当事人吸毒者可能经常接触这种药物组合，这引起了一些关注。

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