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Sleep disorders in the elderly.

机译：老年人的睡眠障碍。

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摘要

Sleep is important for health and quality of life at all ages, and poor sleep interacts with many medical conditions. Somatic and psychiatric diseases, and unfavourable habits and life-style factors, increase the propensity to insomnia in older persons. As health deteriorates with age, sleep becomes poorer. Heart disease and stroke, cancer, painful conditions, breathing disorders and nocturnal polyuria syndrome often disturb sleep. Dementia and depression, which are often associated with sleep disturbances, are also more prevalent in the elderly. Moreover, true age-related sleep deterioration occurs after the age of 75 years. Attempts to improve sleep should first and foremost be focused on elimination of somatic and psychiatric symptoms as far as possible, and on modification of lifestyle factors that may affect sleep quality. For short term treatment, hypnotics are appropriate; for longer periods, nonpharmacological methods, for example light therapy or behavioural modification techniques, should be considered, as many hypnotic drugs are less suitable for long term use. However, there are situations when sleep medication must continue for long periods, especially in elderly patients with severe diseases and poor quality of life. In these patients, careful individualisation of therapy is appropriate.
机译：睡眠对于各个年龄段的健康和生活质量都很重要，而不良睡眠会与许多医疗状况发生相互作用。躯体和精神疾病以及不良的生活习惯和生活方式因素，增加了老年人失眠的可能性。随着年龄的增长，健康会恶化，睡眠也会变差。心脏病和中风，癌症，痛苦的状况，呼吸障碍和夜间多尿综合征通常会干扰睡眠。痴呆症和抑郁症通常与睡眠障碍有关，在老年人中也更为普遍。而且，真正的与年龄有关的睡眠恶化发生在75岁以后。改善睡眠的尝试首先应着重于消除躯体和精神症状，并着重改变可能影响睡眠质量的生活方式因素。对于短期治疗，宜使用催眠药。长期而言，应考虑使用非药物学方法，例如光疗或行为矫正技术，因为许多催眠药不太适合长期使用。但是，在某些情况下，睡眠药物必须长期服用，特别是在患有严重疾病和生活质量较差的老年患者中。在这些患者中，仔细的个体化治疗是合适的。

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