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首页> 外文期刊>Drugs and aging >Epidemiology of pneumococcal infections in the elderly.
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Epidemiology of pneumococcal infections in the elderly.

机译：老年人肺炎球菌感染的流行病学。

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摘要

The risk of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection (primarily bacteraemia and meningitis) is greatest among the very young and the very old. Persons in certain racial groups, including African-Americans, American Indians, Native Alaskans and Australian Aborigines, are also at increased risk of disease. Other factors that appear to increase the risk of pneumococcal infection are lower socioeconomic status, recent infection with influenza and possibly other viral respiratory tract infections, chronic medical conditions, and immunosuppressive medications. Reported annual incidences of invasive pneumococcal disease among persons aged > or = 65 years in North America and Europe range from 25 to 90 cases/100,000 persons. In the US and Canada, these rates represent between 15,000 and 30,000 cases annually among the elderly. Mortality caused by pneumococcal infections is highest among the elderly, with nearly 1 in 5 cases resulting in death. Worldwide, S. pneumoniae is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalisation. The high fatality rates, as well as recent outbreaks of pneumococcal infection among unvaccinated nursing home residents and the emergence of drug-resistant pneumococcal strains, highlight the importance of preventing invasive infection by vaccination.
机译：在年轻人和老年人中，侵袭性肺炎链球菌感染（主要是菌血症和脑膜炎）的风险最大。某些种族群体中的人，包括非裔美国人，美洲印第安人，阿拉斯加原住民和澳大利亚原住民，也容易患上疾病。其他可能增加肺炎球菌感染风险的因素是较低的社会经济地位，近期感染的流感以及可能的其他病毒性呼吸道感染，慢性病和免疫抑制药物。据报道，在北美和欧洲，年龄≥65岁的人中侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病的年发病率范围为25至90例/ 100,000人。在美国和加拿大，老年人的年发病率在15,000至30,000例之间。在老年人中，由肺炎球菌感染引起的死亡率最高，每5例中有近1例导致死亡。在世界范围内，肺炎链球菌是社区获得性肺炎需要住院的主要原因。高死亡率，以及未接种疫苗的疗养院居民中最近爆发的肺炎球菌感染和耐药性肺炎球菌菌株的出现，凸显了预防接种预防侵入性感染的重要性。

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