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首页> 外文期刊>JAIDS: Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes >Is there a gender gap in the HIV response? Evaluating national HIV responses from the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS country reports.
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Is there a gender gap in the HIV response? Evaluating national HIV responses from the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS country reports.

机译：艾滋病毒应对措施是否存在性别差距？评估联合国大会关于艾滋病毒/艾滋病问题国家报告的特别会议对国家艾滋病毒的对策。

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BACKGROUND: The Declaration of Commitment of the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS (UNGASS), in 2001, sets out several policy and programmatic commitments that pertain to women and the gender aspects of the HIV epidemic. Some of them are general, whereas others are more specific and include time-bounded targets. This article summarizes data on policies and strategies affecting women and men equity in access to antiretroviral treatment and other HIV services, as reported by countries but do not address other issues of gender, such as men having sex with men. METHODS: The analysis includes data from the National Composite Policy Index as reported by 130 countries in response to 14 questions relating to progress in creating an enabling policy environment for women. Additional data on gender equity in knowledge of HIV and access to HIV testing and antiretroviral treatment is obtained with other core UNGASS indicators. The review aggregates countries according to regions. RESULTS: A total of 147 countries provided national reports in which 78% of relevant UNGASS indicators were either completely or partially disaggregated by sex. However, 16% of countries did not report any HIV indicators by sex (with a range of 0%-29% across regions). A total of 82% (108 of 130) of countries report having policies in place to ensure that women have equal access to HIV-related services, but 14% of reporting countries also had laws and policies in place that hinder their ability to deliver effective HIV programs for women. About 80% of countries report having included women as a specific "sector" in their multisectoral AIDS strategies or action frameworks. However, only slightly more than half (53%) of those countries report having a budget attached to programs addressing women issues. As of the end of 2007, antiretroviral therapy reached 33% of people in need, and women represent a slight majority of those on treatment. The gender gap on HIV knowledge has narrowed, but overall levels of knowledge on how to prevent HIV remains at low levels, with only about 40% of young men (aged 15-24 years) and 36% of young women with correct comprehensive knowledge about HIV prevention. CONCLUSIONS: Since 2001, a large majority of countries have integrated women-related issues into their national HIV policies and strategic plans. However, countries and regions with low-level or concentrated HIV epidemics lag behind countries with generalized epidemics in integrating women-focused policies into national frameworks. The lack of budget support for women-focused programs in half of the countries indicates that those policies have not been sufficiently translated into multisectoral activities. The engagement of development ministries in women's social and economic empowerment is largely still lacking, which raises the concern that strategies to reduce gender inequality may also be lacking in broader development plans. The apparent attainment of gender equity in HIV testing and the delivery of antiretroviral treatment is an important achievement. There has also been a significant increase in countries' abilities to collect and report data disaggregated by sex and age. The monitoring of women's progress in HIV responses via the UNGASS reporting system provides important insights but should be complemented with data that strengthen understandings of the actual implementation of strategies, as well.
机译：背景：2001年联合国大会关于艾滋病毒/艾滋病的特别会议的《承诺宣言》列出了与妇女和艾滋病毒流行的性别方面有关的若干政策和方案承诺。其中一些是一般性的，而另一些则是更具体的，包括有时间限制的目标。本文概述了各国报告的影响妇女和男子在获得抗逆转录病毒治疗和其他艾滋病毒服务方面的平等的政策和战略的数据，但该报告并未解决其他性别问题，例如男性与男性发生性关系。方法：分析包括来自130个国家的国家综合政策指数的数据，该数据回答了与创建有利于妇女的政策环境方面的进展有关的14个问题。与其他UNGASS核心指标一起，可获得关于艾滋病知识中的性别平等以及获得艾滋病毒检测和抗逆转录病毒治疗的其他数据。该审查按地区汇总了国家。结果：共有147个国家/地区提供了国家报告，其中UNGASS相关指标的78％完全或部分按性别分类。但是，有16％的国家没有按性别报告任何艾滋病毒指标（各地区的报告范围为0％-29％）。共有82％（130个国家中的108个）国家报告制定了确保妇女平等获得与艾滋病相关服务的政策，但是有14％的报告国家也制定了法律和政策，阻碍了她们提供有效的服务妇女艾滋病毒方案。大约80％的国家报告说，妇女已成为其多部门艾滋病战略或行动框架中的一个特定“部门”。但是，这些国家中只有略多于一半（53％）的国家报告称其预算涉及解决妇女问题的方案。截止到2007年底，抗逆转录病毒疗法已经覆盖了需要治疗的人群的33％，而在接受治疗的人群中，女性只占很小一部分。关于艾滋病毒知识的性别差距已经缩小，但是关于如何预防艾滋病毒的总体知识水平仍然很低，只有大约40％的年轻男性（15-24岁）和36％的年轻女性具有正确的综合知识。预防艾滋病毒。结论：自2001年以来，大多数国家已将与妇女有关的问题纳入其国家艾滋病毒政策和战略计划。但是，在将以妇女为中心的政策纳入国家框架的过程中，艾滋病毒流行程度较低或集中的国家和地区落后于普遍流行的国家。一半国家缺乏针对妇女的方案的预算支持，这表明这些政策尚未充分转化为多部门活动。仍然缺乏发展部门参与赋予妇女社会和经济权力的工作，这引起了人们的关注，即在更广泛的发展计划中也可能缺乏减少性别不平等的战略。在艾滋病毒检测和提供抗逆转录病毒治疗方面明显实现性别平等是一项重要成就。各国收集和报告按性别和年龄分列的数据的能力也大大提高了。通过UNGASS报告系统监测妇女在艾滋病毒应对方面的进展提供了重要的见识，但也应补充数据，以加强对战略实际实施的理解。

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