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首页> 外文期刊>Cladistics: The international journal of the Willi Hennig Society >Morphology to the rescue: molecular data and the signal of morphological characters in combined phylogenetic analyses-a case study from mysmenid spiders (Araneae, Mysmenidae), with comments on the evolution of web architecture
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Morphology to the rescue: molecular data and the signal of morphological characters in combined phylogenetic analyses-a case study from mysmenid spiders (Araneae, Mysmenidae), with comments on the evolution of web architecture

机译：营救的形态学：结合的系统发育分析中的分子数据和形态特征的信号-以蜘蛛网（Araneae，Mysmenidae）为例，并评论了Web体系结构的演变

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The limits and the interfamilial relationships of the minute orb-weaving symphytognathoid spiders have remained contentious and poorly understood. The circumscription and diagnosis of the symphytognathoid family Mysmenidae have always been elusive, and its monophyly has never been thoroughly tested. We combine sequence data from six genes with a morphological dataset in a total-evidence phylogenetic analysis (ca. 6100 characters, 109 taxa: 74 mysmenids), and explore the phylogenetic signal of the combined dataset, individual genes, and gene combinations with different parsimony methods and model-based approaches. Several support values and parameter-sensitivity schemes are explored to assess stability of clades. Mysmenidae monophyly is supported by ca. 20 morphological and ca. 420 molecular synapomorphies. Mysmenidae is monophyletic under all combined analyses that include morphology. Almost no gene or gene combination supports Mysmenidae monophyly. Symphytognathoids are delimited to include: (Theridiosomatidae (Mysmenidae (Synaphridae (Anapidae + Symphytognathidae)))). Micropholcommatids are a lineage nested within the anapid clade and thus are synonymized with Anapidae (Micropholcommatinae New Rank). We provide morphological diagnoses for all symphytognathoid families and discuss the behavioural evolutionary implications of our hypotheses of relationships. The planar orb web evolved independently twice from three-dimensional webs. The orb web was modified into sheet or cobwebs three times independently. The spherical mysmenine web has a single origin. Kleptoparasitism evolved once in mysmenids. We comment on the discrepancies and lack of resolving power of the molecular datasets relative to the morphological signal, and discuss the relevance of morphology in inferring the total-evidence phylogenetic pattern of relationships
机译：微小的球状编织的棘突类蜘蛛的极限和家族间的关系仍然存在争议，人们对此知之甚少。犬牙藻类科（Mysmenidae）的界限和诊断一直难以捉摸，并且其单生性从未得到彻底的测试。我们将来自六个基因的序列数据与形态数据集相结合，以进行系统证据系统发育分析（约6100个字符，109个分类群：74个门类），并探索组合数据集，单个基因和具有不同简约性的基因组合的系统发育信号。方法和基于模型的方法。探索了几种支持值和参数敏感性方案来评估进化枝的稳定性。约书虫科的一生。 20形态学和约。 420个分子同形。在包括形态在内的所有组合分析下，犬科动物都是单系的。几乎没有基因或基因组合单亲支持Mysmenidae。拟食藻类的界包括：（Theridiosomatidae（Mysmenidae（Sy​​naphridae（Anapidae + Symphytognathidae））））。拟小肠纲是嵌套在阿纳皮德进化枝内的谱系，因此与拟南纲（Anapidae）同义（Micropholcommatinae New Rank）。我们为所有剑突类动物家族提供形态学诊断，并讨论我们关系假设的行为进化含义。平面球网从三维网独立演化了两次。将球网独立地修改为片或蜘蛛网三遍。球形的猫薄荷碱纤维网具有单一来源。膝部副寄生虫曾在狐猴中进化过。我们评论了分子数据集相对于形态信号的差异和分辨力的不足，并讨论了形态学在推断关系的总证据系统发育模式方面的相关性

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