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首页> 外文期刊>Journal American Pomological Society >Location affects performance of 'Golden Delicious', 'Jonagold', 'Empire',and 'Rome Beauty' apple trees on five rootstocks over ten years in the1990 NC-140 cultivar/rootstock trial
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Location affects performance of 'Golden Delicious', 'Jonagold', 'Empire',and 'Rome Beauty' apple trees on five rootstocks over ten years in the1990 NC-140 cultivar/rootstock trial

机译：位置会影响1990年NC-140品种/砧木试验中五种砧木上“金冠”，“乔纳金”，“帝国”和“罗马美”苹果树的表现

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摘要

At 12 sites in the United States, trials were established in 1990 which included four apple (Malus X domestica Borkh.) cultivars ('Smoothee Golden Delicious', 'Nicobel Jonagold', 'Empire', and 'Law Rome Beauty') in all combinations on five rootstocks (M.9 EMLA, B.9, Mark, O.3, and M.26 EMLA). After ten growing seasons, rootstock and cultivar interacted significantly with location to affect trunk cross-sectional area (TCA), tree height, canopy spread, yield per tree, yield efficiency, and fruit size. Further, at many locations rootstock interacted significantly with cultivar to affect these parameters. In most cases, however, these interactions contributed minimally to the variability among rootstocks or among cultivars as they affected performance. Survival varied greatly by location, ranging from 43% in Kentucky to 100% in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Where tree loss occurred, more 'Rome' trees died than the other cultivars, and more trees on O.3 died than trees on the other rootstocks. Tree size also was affected by location, with TCA ranging from 48 cm(2) on average in Massachusetts to 131 cm(2) in Kansas. In general, largest trees were on M.26 EMLA, and the smallest were on Mark or on B.9. 'Jonagold' trees were consistently among the largest, and 'Empire' trees were among the smallest. Cumulative yield per tree (1992-99) ranged from 1.49 in Utah to 4.17 in Ohio, and the most yield efficient trees were those on B.9 and those on Mark. 'Jonagold' trees were consistently among the most yield efficient. Average fruit size (1992-99) ranged from 141 g in Tennessee to 224 g in Massachusetts. M.26 EMLA and M.9 EMLA generally resulted in the largest fruit, and Mark and O.3 resulted in the smallest. 'Rome' and 'Jonagold' fruit were consistently among the largest, and 'Empire' fruit were among the smallest.
机译：1990年，在美国的12个地点进行了试验，其中包括四个苹果（Malus X domestica Borkh。）品种（“圆滑的人Golden Delicious”，“ Nicobel Jonagold”，“ Empire”和“ Law Rome Beauty”）五种砧木（M.9 EMLA，B.9，Mark，O.3和M.26 EMLA）的组合。在十个生长季节后，砧木和栽培品种与位置之间发生显着相互作用，从而影响树干的横截面积（TCA），树高，树冠传播，单株产量，产量效率和果实大小。此外，在许多地方，砧木与品种之间显着相互作用，从而影响这些参数。然而，在大多数情况下，这些相互作用对砧木或品种之间的变异性影响很小，因为它们影响了性能。生存地点因地区而异，从肯塔基州的43％到马萨诸塞州，宾夕法尼亚州和弗吉尼亚州的100％不等。在发生树木损失的地方，“罗马”树木死亡的数量比其他品种要多，在O.3上死亡的树木比其他砧木上的树木还多。树的大小也受位置的影响，TCA范围从马萨诸塞州的平均48 cm（2）到堪萨斯州的131 cm（2）。通常，最大的树位于M.26 EMLA上，最小的树位于Mark或B.9上。 “乔纳金”树一直是最大的树，“帝国”树是最小的树。每棵树的累计产量（1992-99年）从犹他州的1.49到俄亥俄州的4.17，并且最有效率的树是B.9和Mark上的那些。 “乔纳金”树一直是产量最高的树种。平均水果大小（1992-99年）在田纳西州为141克，在马萨诸塞州为224克。 M.26 EMLA和M.9 EMLA通常导致最大的结果，而Mark和O.3导致最小的结果。 “罗马”和“乔纳金”水果一直是最大的水果，“帝国”水果则是最小的水果。

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