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首页> 外文期刊>Journal American Pomological Society >Commercialization of mangosteen in the United States: domestic cultivation, imports and marketing.
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Commercialization of mangosteen in the United States: domestic cultivation, imports and marketing.

机译：美国山竹的商业化：国内种植，进口和销售。

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This review covers the history of efforts to cultivate mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) in the United States and other countries in the Western Hemisphere, and to market mangosteen in the United States. Mangosteen is highly reputed for its juicy, delicate flesh and sweet-tart flavor, but commercial cultivation and marketing in the United States started just recently. Native to Indonesia and Malaysia, mangosteen trees require a fully tropical climate and cannot be grown commercially in the contiguous United States. For more than a century, attempts have been made to cultivate mangosteen for the United States market; in the 1990s, small plantings were established in Hawaii and Puerto Rico (30 and 5 hectares, respectively), some of which are beginning to bear fruit. Because fresh mangosteens can harbor quarantine pests, the USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) until recently prohibited their importation from the main producing countries in Southeast Asia, or from Hawaii, to the U.S. mainland. In June 2007 APHIS published a final rule allowing the importation of fresh mangosteen irradiated at a minimum dose of 400 gy from Thailand, which leads the world in production. Imported Thai mangosteen appears to tolerate this dose well. Shipments of fresh mangosteen from Puerto Rico, which do not require irradiation, started on a small scale in August 2007. Hawaiian growers have marketed chiefly to local hotels, restaurants and cruise ships, but in 2008 APHIS published a final rule allowing export to the mainland of mangosteen irradiated at a minimum dose of 150 gy. Interest in the purported health benefits of mangosteen has boosted public awareness and consumption of mangosteen products in recent years.
机译：这篇评论涵盖了在美国和西半球其他国家/地区种植山竹（山药）的市场以及在美国销售山竹的努力的历史。山竹果肉多汁，细腻，酸甜的味道而闻名，但是在美国的商业种植和销售才刚刚开始。山竹原产于印度尼西亚和马来西亚，需要完全热带气候，不能在美国附近进行商业种植。一个多世纪以来，人们一直在尝试为美国市场种植山竹。在1990年代，在夏威夷和波多黎各建立了小型种植园（分别为30公顷和5公顷），其中一些已经开始开花结果。由于新鲜的山竹可以隔离检疫性有害生物，因此美国农业部的动植物健康检查局（APHIS）直到最近才禁止从东南亚的主要生产国或夏威夷从美国进口它们。 2007年6月，APHIS发布了最终规则，允许从泰国进口最小剂量为400 gy辐照的新鲜山竹，这使世界产量居世界前列。进口的泰国山竹似乎耐受性好。从波多黎各开始不需要辐照的新鲜山竹果的装运从2007年8月开始小规模进行。夏威夷种植者主要向当地的旅馆，饭店和游轮销售，但2008年APHIS发布了最终规则，允许向内地出口至少以150 gy的剂量照射山竹。对山竹声称的健康益处的兴趣近年来提高了公众对山竹制品的认识和消费。

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