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首页> 外文期刊>Journal American Pomological Society >Response of two novel peach tree growth habits to in-row tree spacing, training system, and pruning: effect on growth and pruning.
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Response of two novel peach tree growth habits to in-row tree spacing, training system, and pruning: effect on growth and pruning.

机译：两种新颖的桃树生长习性对行内树间距，训练系统和修剪的响应：对生长和修剪的影响。

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摘要

Novel peach [Primus persica (L.) Batsch.] tree growth habits, such as the pillar (P) (also called columnar) and upright (UP), offer unique opportunities to develop high-density peach production systems similar to that for apple. This study was initiated to examine the performance of a novel P and UP growth habit compared to a standard (S) peach growth habit when planted at four different within-row spacings and trained to a multiple leader (ML) or central leader (CL) system. The effect of summer pruning (SP) was examined over five growing seasons. In the final year of the study, canopy height was significantly reduced on one half of the trees in each growth habit x spacing x training system plot to determine the response to radical tree height adjustment for bearing upright and columnar peach growth habits. The three growth habits differed in trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) after seven growing seasons with P trees being smallest and UP habit trees the largest. Close in-row spacing (1.5 and 2.0 m) reduced TCSA compared to wider spacing (4.0 and 6.0 m). There was a significant interaction between spacing and growth habit for TCSA and for canopy width. At the close spacings growth was similar among the three growth habits, but at the wider spacings the TCSA and canopy width of UP and S trees were similar and much greater than P trees. SP annually from the second through the sixth leaf reduced TCSA and canopy width compared to non-SP trees. The year after SP was discontinued there were no significant differences in TCSA, canopy width, or terminal shoot growth between SP and non-SP trees. The effects of growth habit and spacing on terminal shoot growth were inconsistent and SP had little or no effect on mean terminal shoot length. P trees required less dormant pruning time and about 50% fewer pruning cuts per tree, but more time per individual pruning cut than UP or S trees. UP trees required about the same time to dormant prune in the seventh season as S trees, but required 35% fewer pruning cuts.cm-2 TCSA than S trees. The effect of growth habit on pruning time is discussed. SP reduced the time required for dormant pruning between 28 and 50%, depending on year. SP was more effective in reducing dormant pruning time per tree for trees spaced at 6.0 m than trees spaced at 1.5 or 2.0 m within the row. Total pruning time (dormant with or without SP) per hectare was less for P trees compared to UP or S trees when planted at the same in-row spacing. However, total pruning time was greater for a high-density P planting than a low-density planting of S growth habit trees. Our results indicate that P and UP growth habit peach trees are well suited to high-density planting systems at spacings of 1.5 to 2.0 m. However, the results do raise some questions about the horticultural benefit(s) of SP for these novel peach tree growth habits.
机译：新颖的桃子（ Primus persica （L.）Batsch。]树的生长习性，例如支柱（P）（也称为柱状）和直立（UP），为开发高密度桃树提供了独特的机会生产系统类似于苹果。这项研究的目的是检验以四个不同行内间距种植并接受多头（ML）或中央头（CL）训练时，与标准（S）桃生长习惯相比标准P和UP生长习性的表现。系统。在五个生长季节中检查了夏季修剪（SP）的效果。在研究的最后一年中，每种生长习性x间距x训练系统图上的一半树木的冠层高度显着降低，从而确定了对于适应直立和柱状桃子生长习性的根本树高调节的响应。在七个生长季节之后，三种生长习惯的树干横截面积（TCSA）有所不同，其中P树最小，而UP树最大。与较宽的间距（4.0和6.0 m）相比，紧密的行间距（1.5和2.0 m）减少了TCSA。 TCSA和冠层宽度的间距与生长习性之间存在显着的相互作用。在三种生长习性中，在接近的间距处生长相似，但是在更宽的间距处，UP和S树的TCSA和冠层宽度相似，并且远大于P树。与非SP树相比，第二到第六叶的SP每年减少TCSA和冠层宽度。 SP停用后的第二年，SP和非SP树木之间的TCSA，冠层宽度或末梢生长没有显着差异。生长习性和间距对终梢生长的影响不一致，SP对终梢平均长度几乎没有影响。与UP或S树相比，P树需要更少的休眠修剪时间，每棵树的修剪次数减少约50％，但每个修剪树的时间更长。在第七个季节中，UP树需要的休眠时间与S树相同，但修剪修剪的时间比cm树少35％。cm -2 TCSA。讨论了生长习惯对修剪时间的影响。 SP可以将休眠修剪所需的时间减少28％至50％（具体取决于年份）。对于行内间隔为1.5 m或2.0 m的树，SP可以更有效地减少间隔为6.0 m的树的每棵树的休眠修剪时间。当以相同的行距种植时，与UP或S树木相比，P树木每公顷的总修剪时间（有SP或无SP的休眠）要短。但是，高密度的P种植比低密度的S生长习性树木的总修剪时间更长。我们的结果表明，P和UP的生长习性桃树非常适合间距1.5至2.0 m的高密度种植系统。但是，结果确实提出了有关SP对这些新颖桃树生长习性的园艺益处的一些疑问。

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