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首页> 外文期刊>JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association >Effectiveness of automatic shoulder belt systems in motor vehicle crashes.
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Effectiveness of automatic shoulder belt systems in motor vehicle crashes.

机译：自动肩带系统在机动车碰撞中的有效性。

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CONTEXT: Approximately 10 million cars with automatic shoulder belt systems are currently in use in the United States. However, reports on the effectiveness of such restraints have yielded conflicting results. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of automatic shoulder belt systems in reducing the risk of injury and death among front-seat passenger vehicle occupants. DESIGN, SETTING, AND SUBJECTS: Analysis of data collected from the 1993-1996 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Crashworthiness Data System on front-seat occupants involved in 25,811 tow-away crashes of passenger cars, light trucks, vans, and sport utility vehicles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Death and serious injury to specific body areas by use of manual lap and shoulder belts, automatic shoulder belts with manual lap belts, or automatic shoulder belts without lap belts, compared with no restraint use. RESULTS: Use of automatic shoulder belts without lap belts was associated with a decrease in the risk of death vs no restraint use but was not statistically significant for all crashes (odds ratio [OR], 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42-1.06) or for frontal crashes (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.38-1.35) after adjustment for occupant age, sex, vehicle year, air-bag deployment, estimated change in vehicle speed during the crash, and principal direction of force. This association was significantly weaker than the 86% lower risk observed for use of automatic shoulder belts with lap belts (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.07-0.26 vs no restraint; P<.05). Use of automatic shoulder belts without lap belts was associated with an increased risk of serious chest (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.11-6.35) and abdominal (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.004-4.22) injuries for all crashes. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that improperly used automatic restraint systems may be less effective than properly used systems and are associated with an increased risk of serious chest and abdominal injuries. Given the continued widespread use of these automatic systems, educational programs may be warranted. JAMA. 2000;283:2826-2828
机译：背景：在美国，大约有1000万辆带有自动肩带系统的汽车正在使用中。但是，有关这种限制的有效性的报告产生了矛盾的结果。目的：确定自动肩带系统在减少前排乘员乘员中受伤和死亡风险方面的有效性。设计，地点和主题：从1993-1996年美国国家公路交通安全管理局防撞性数据系统收集的数据分析，涉及前座乘客，涉及乘用车，轻型卡车，货车和运动型多用途车的25,811起拖曳事故。主要观察指标：与不使用约束装置相比，使用手动腰部和肩部安全带，带手动腰部安全带的自动肩带或不带腰部安全带的自动肩带对特定身体部位的死亡和严重伤害。结果：使用无腰带的自动肩带可以降低死亡风险，而无需使用约束力，但在所有碰撞中均无统计学意义（赔率[OR]为0.66; 95％置信区间[CI]为0.42） -1.06）或正面碰撞后（OR，0.71; 95％CI，0.38-1.35），对乘员年龄，性别，车辆年份，安全气囊展开，碰撞过程中车速的估计变化以及力的主要方向进行了调整。这种关联性显着弱于使用自动腰带和腰带的风险降低了86％（OR，0.14; 95％CI，0.07-0.26，无束缚; P <.05）。在所有碰撞中，使用没有腰带的自动肩带会增加严重胸部（OR，2.66; 95％CI，1.11-6.35）和腹部（OR，2.06; 95％CI，1.004-4.22）受伤的风险。结论：这些数据表明使用不当的自动约束系统可能不如正确使用的系统有效，并且会增加严重的胸部和腹部受伤的风险。鉴于这些自动系统的持续广泛使用，可能需要进行教育计划。贾玛2000; 283：2826-2828

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