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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science/Zeitschrift fur acker-und pflanzenbau >Rice Yield Gap due to Iron Toxicity in West Africa
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Rice Yield Gap due to Iron Toxicity in West Africa

机译：西非铁毒造成的水稻产量缺口

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Iron toxicity is a widespread nutrient disorder in lowland rice, notably in West Africa. It occurs in irrigated or rain-fed rice crops when the soil contains excessive amounts of iron. Associated with leaf discoloration symptoms (bronzing), this excessive iron uptake causes poor growth and tillering and leads to severe yield reductions. Field experiments were carried out in West Africa from 1994 to 1998 at two sites with high iron toxicity and one non-toxic site to assess the effects of iron toxicity on rice cropping and evaluate the tolerance of promising rice cultivars available in West Africa. To estimate yield losses caused by iron toxicity, the yield potential was simulated using the ORYZA-S rice growth and yield model. Based on the potential yield, the yield loss in an iron-toxic site is the combination of the yield gap caused by unknown site factors and the yield gap caused by iron toxicity. Compared to the referential yield obtained in a non-iron-toxic site, iron toxicity reduced rice yields by 16-78 % (mean 43 %). The extent of the yield loss depended on rice cultivar, iron toxicity intensity and crop management strategy (water control and mineral fertilisation). A strong correlation obtained between yield and the iron toxicity score, based on visual symptoms indicated an approx. 400 kg ha(-1) yield loss for each visual score point increase. The high genetic variability in iron toxicity tolerance and close correlation between leaf symptom score and grain yield between rice genotypes provide a good basis for breeding varieties that can produce higher yields under iron-toxic conditions.
机译：铁毒是低地稻米中普遍存在的营养失调，特别是在西非。当土壤中铁含量过多时，它会发生在灌溉或雨养水稻作物中。与叶片变色症状（青铜色）相关的是，铁摄入过多会导致生长和分till不良，并导致严重的单产下降。 1994年至1998年在西非的两个高铁毒害地点和一个无毒地点进行了田间试验，以评估铁毒害对水稻种植的影响并评估西非有潜力的水稻品种的耐性。为了估算由铁毒性引起的产量损失，使用ORYZA-S水稻生长和产量模型模拟了产量潜力。根据潜在产量，铁毒性部位的产量损失是未知位点因素引起的产量差距与铁毒性引起的产量差距的总和。与在无铁毒性场所获得的参考产量相比，铁毒性使水稻产量降低了16-78％（平均43％）。产量损失的程度取决于水稻品种，铁的毒性强度和作物管理策略（水控制和矿物肥料）。根据视觉症状，产量与铁毒性得分之间存在很强的相关性，表明大约为每个视觉得分点增加400 kg ha（-1）产量损失。铁毒性耐受性的高遗传变异性以及水稻基因型之间叶片症状评分与籽粒产量之间的密切相关性为在铁毒性条件下可产生更高产量的育种提供了良好的基础。

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