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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research >Deep litter systems for beef cattle housed in uninsulated barns, part 1: height increase, carrying capacity and specific counter-pressure of aeration of deep litter
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Deep litter systems for beef cattle housed in uninsulated barns, part 1: height increase, carrying capacity and specific counter-pressure of aeration of deep litter

机译：非隔离棚房中养牛场的深层垃圾系统，第1部分：深层垃圾的增高，承载能力和比反压

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For beef cattle housed in uninsulated barns, it is important to design the deep litter area deeper than the dung alley in accordance with the bedding material used. If this step is not taken it may become necessary to remove the deep litter in the middle of winter when, because of cold weather, the re-establishment of composting cannot be guaranteed. If the wrong type of litter is used, the animals may sink into the deep litter and soil themselves. Also, the counter-pressure of aeration could be too high. These aspects were evaluated in a bench-scale study that simulated the functioning of deep litter in partially littered pens. The size of the test vessels was 60 cm by 60 cm. There were five different litter mixes of straw, peat and wood chips involved in the trials. The simulation was based on the assumption that the space allowance per suckler cow in the pen was 3.5 m{sup}2 on deep litter and 4.0 m{sup}2 on dung alley and manure (27.5 kg day{sup}(-1)) was deposited evenly in the pen. The height of deep litter increases by 4.1-5.2 mm day{sup}(-1), depending on the litter mix, in a partially littered pen littered at the recommended rate (55% of the weight of manure) and having an optimal space allowance (equivalent to 3.7 kg manure m{sup}(-2) of deep litter). By the end of the housing period (8 months) an additional layer (0.10-0.20 m) of litter had accumulated. A depression of 0.62-0.86 m deep in the floor underneath the deep litter would be enough to allow a housing period of 8 months. The carrying capacity of deep litter systems that comprise straw, peat and wood chips is high enough to prevent the steers, heifers or cows from sinking into the litter and getting dirty, provided there is not too much (more than 60% in weight) peat or equivalent material in the mix. The counter-pressure at an adequate aeration rate in a 1 m high deep litter system is 29 Pa, which will cause no technical problems.
机译：对于安置在非绝缘谷仓中的肉牛，重要的是根据所使用的铺垫材料设计比粪便巷更深的垃圾区。如果不采取此步骤，则可能由于冬季寒冷而无法确保堆肥重新建立的情况下，在冬季中期清除深层垃圾。如果使用了错误的垫料类型，则动物可能会沉入深垫料并弄脏自己。另外，曝气的反压可能太高。在一个台式规模研究中对这些方面进行了评估，该研究模拟了部分乱抛垃圾的围栏中深层乱抛垃圾的功能。测试容器的尺寸为60厘米乘60厘米。试验涉及五种不同的秸秆，泥炭和木屑混合料。该模拟基于这样的假设：在围栏上，每头奶牛的空间津贴在深垫料上为3.5 m {sup} 2，在粪巷和粪便上为4.0 m {sup} 2（27.5 kg日{sup}（-1）） ）均匀地沉积在笔中。根据垃圾的混合情况，深垃圾的高度每天增加4.1-5.2毫米{sup}（-1），具体取决于垃圾的混合情况，以建议的比例（粪肥重量的55％）乱抛垃圾。余量（相当于3.7千克深垃圾的m {sup}（-2）粪肥）。到饲养期（8个月）结束时，已经积累了一层额外的垃圾（0.10-0.20 m）。在深垃圾底下的地板中，如果凹陷深度为0.62-0.86 m，则足以容纳8个月的居住时间。如果没有太多（重量超过60％）的泥炭，则由秸秆，泥炭和木屑组成的深层垃圾系统的承载力足以防止公牛，小母牛或母牛下沉并弄脏。或混合物中的同等材料。在深1 m的深垃圾系统中，以足够的曝气速率进行的反压为29 Pa，这不会造成技术问题。

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