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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Applied Polymer Science >Estimation of Permeation Rate of Chemicals Through Elastometric Materials
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Estimation of Permeation Rate of Chemicals Through Elastometric Materials

机译：通过弹性材料估算化学物质的渗透速率

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摘要

Elastometric materials are used as barriers to protect workers against exposure to chemicals. The effectiveness of a polymer as a chemical protective material therefore depends on the rate of the permeation of che:micals through it. The perme- ation rate depends on the solubility and the diffusion coefficient of chemicals in the materials. The diffusion coefficient itself is a strong function of concentration of the chemicals in the polymeric material. Permeation rates can be measured directly using a permeation cell or they can be calculated from the solubility and the diffusion coefficient data. Sorptionldesorption experiments can be used to determine solubility and an expression for the diffusion coefficient in terms of concentration. Experiments were conducted for the sorption and desorption of ethyl acetate in three glove (one butyl and two neoprene materials) and two garment (neoprene and chlorinated polyethylene) materials. The data collected were used to estimate the steady-state permeation rates of ethyl acetate through the materials. The results of the experiments show that the solubility of ethyl acetate in butyl rubber is 0.795 g/cm3, and the steady-state perme- ation rate is 0.32 #mu#-g cm~(-2) S~(-1). The solubility of the chemical through the three neoprene materials is in the range of 2.25-5.31 g/cm3, and the steady-state permeation rates vary from 27 to 43 IJ-g cm~(-2) S~(-l). The solubility of ethyl acetate in the chlorinated polyethylene is 7.14 g/cm3, and the steady-state permeation rate is 62.43#mu#-g cm~(-2) S~(-l). The experimental method is very simple to use and it requires a small sample of the material (less than 1 cm2) and only a few milliliters of the chemical. Sorptionldesorption experiments can also provide information on the amount of additives extracted from an elastomeric material during contact with a chemical.
机译：弹性材料用作保护工人免受化学药品侵害的屏障。因此，聚合物作为化学保护材料的有效性取决于化学药品通过它的渗透速率。渗透率取决于化学物质在材料中的溶解度和扩散系数。扩散系数本身是聚合材料中化学物质浓度的强大函数。可以使用渗透池直接测量渗透率，也可以根据溶解度和扩散系数数据计算出渗透率。吸附脱附实验可用于确定溶解度和扩散系数的浓度表达式。进行了在三种手套（一种丁基橡胶和两种氯丁橡胶材料）和两种服装（氯丁橡胶和氯化聚乙烯）材料中乙酸乙酯的吸附和解吸实验。收集的数据用于估计乙酸乙酯通过材料的稳态渗透速率。实验结果表明，乙酸乙酯在丁基橡胶中的溶解度为0.795 g / cm3，稳态渗透率为0.32＃mu＃-g cm〜（-2）S〜（-1）。该化学物质在三种氯丁橡胶材料中的溶解度在2.25-5.31 g / cm3的范围内，稳态渗透率从27至43 IJ-g cm〜（-2）S〜（-1）不等。乙酸乙酯在氯化聚乙烯中的溶解度为7.14g / cm 3，稳态渗透率为62.43＃mu＃-g cm·（-2）S·（-1）。实验方法使用起来非常简单，它需要少量的材料样品（小于1 cm2）和仅几毫升的化学物质。吸附脱附实验还可提供有关在与化学品接触期间从弹性体材料中提取的添加剂量的信息。

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