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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Applied Psychology >'It's Not My Fault—But Only I Can Change It': Counterfactual and Prefactual Thoughts of Managers
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'It's Not My Fault—But Only I Can Change It': Counterfactual and Prefactual Thoughts of Managers

机译：“这不是我的错，但只有我可以改变”：管理者的反事实和事前想法

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摘要

In testing for the self-serving bias in performance evaluation, the authors propose that comparing managers' counterfactual and prefactual thoughts about subordinates' performance is more conclusive than the attributional approach and also offers practical advantages. In a study with 120 managers, a 4-way interaction of subordinate performance, temporal perspective, direction, and reference confirmed the predicted pattern. Managers' thoughts about how a weak performance could have been enhanced had external references, but thoughts about how such a performance could be enhanced in the future focused on the leader. This asymmetry was only observed for weak performance. Results are discussed with regard to biases in leaders' performance evaluations and to how counter- and prefactual thoughts could be used for leadership research and practice.
机译：在测试绩效评估中的自我服务偏见时，作者提出，比较管理者对下属绩效的反事实和事前观念比归因法更具决定性，同时也具有实际优势。在一项由120名经理组成的研究中，从属绩效，时间观点，方向和参考之间的四向互动证实了预测的模式。经理们关于如何可以改善弱绩效的想法有外部参考，但有关将来如何提高这种绩效的想法则集中在领导者身上。仅在性能较弱时才观察到这种不对称。讨论了有关领导者绩效评估中的偏见以及如何将反事实和事前思想用于领导者研究和实践的结果。

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