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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Archaeological Science >Bronze Age landscape dynamics: spatially detailed pollen analysis from a ceremonial complex
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Bronze Age landscape dynamics: spatially detailed pollen analysis from a ceremonial complex

机译：青铜时代的景观动态：来自礼仪建筑群的空间详细花粉分析

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摘要

The late Neolithic and early Bronze Age are periods marked by the construction of conspicuous concentrations of 'ritual' complexes, used for funerary rituals, seasonal gatherings and communal activities. Understanding the environmental context of monuments may provide detailed insights into relationships between the physical environment and the activities undertaken at individual monuments. Raised burial mounds (barrows) are generally assumed to have been constructed in open landscapes (the so-called 'landscape openness' hypothesis) thus rendering them highly visible in the surrounding landscape. This paper seeks to test to what extent vegetation (and in particular openness) around a dense concentration of barrows was actively managed, using three pollen sequences in close spatial juxtapo-sition to the archaeology. The local vegetation histories, supported by radiocarbon dating, demonstrate spatial differences in vegetation pattern both during the time of monument construction and use (c. 2000 -1500 cal BC) and during subsequent periods. They do not support the 'landscape openness' hypothesis. This suggests that there is no single 'blueprint' for vegetation structure on and around these types of monument complexes. There is no evidence for major restructuring of the landscape during the early Bronze Age. The data describe a major transformation of the vegetation around 1500 cal BC (the Middle Bronze Age) in an area not known for archaeology of this date. This serves to emphasize the role of palaeoecology in augmenting the archaeological record of landscape re-organisation and trans-formation in prehistory.
机译：新石器时代晚期和青铜时代早期是标志性的“仪式”建筑群的集中建设时期，用于葬礼，季节性聚会和社区活动。了解古迹的环境背景可以提供对物理环境与各个古迹进行的活动之间的关系的详细见解。通常认为高架土墩（手推车）是在开放的景观中建造的（所谓的“景观开放性”假设），因此使它们在周围的景观中高度可见。本文力图通过在与考古学密切相关的空间中使用三个花粉序列，测试在密集浓度的公猪周围对植被（特别是开放性）进行何种程度的积极管理。在放射性碳测年的支持下，当地的植被历史表明，在纪念物的建造和使用期间（约公元前2000年-1500年）以及随后的时期，植被格局存在空间差异。他们不支持“景观开放性”假设。这表明在这些类型的纪念碑建筑群上及其周围没有植被结构的单一“蓝图”。没有证据表明在青铜时代初期对景观进行了重大调整。数据描述了公元前1500 cal（古铜器时代）前后该地区考古学未知的植被的重大转变。这有助于强调古生态学在扩大史前景观重组和转变的考古记录中的作用。

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