Methods for assessing stormwater management at archaeological sites: Copan Ruins case study

Theodore A. Endreny; Stewart A.W. Diemont

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Methods for assessing stormwater management at archaeological sites: Copan Ruins case study

机译：评估考古现场雨水管理的方法：科潘遗址案例研究

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Archaeological sites may be discovered by fortuitous soil erosion, but their protection requires deliber-ative stormwater management plans and estimates of runoff volumes. This paper uses the Maya site of Copan, Honduras to demonstrate widely applicable methods to estimate runoff, including use of satellite rainfall data processed by single parameter models. Our analysis compares present day estimates of runoff and erosion with those of two historic periods, 900 A.D during peak Maya occupation of the Great Plaza, and 1800 A.D. prior to excavation when the site was mostly forest covered. For each period, the watershed area, soil, land cover, and rainfall data were used with a single parameter Curve Number model to estimate the runoff volume for annual to decadal storms. The maximum runoff depth and erosive potential in conveyance channels was then computed with the HEC-RAS model. The models did not predict runoff would occur for the forested period of 1800 A.D., but predicted that runoff for 900 and post-1800 A.D was large enough to cause the erosion observed in the drainage channel today. Our results provide runoff magnitudes that demonstrate the need for Copan Maya designed stormwater removal infrastructure described in earlier archaeological analysis. The need for stormwater removal was also designed into the wet Maya site of Palenque, while stormwater capture and storage was designed into the Maya sites of Tikal, a drier site due to local drainage characteristics and water availability. Methods used in stormwater runoff analysis can empower communities and managers to develop scientifically and culturally appropriate non-structural management methods to conserve archaeological sites.

机译：考古遗址可能是由于偶然的水土流失而发现的，但其保护需要经过深思熟虑的雨水管理计划和估算径流量。本文使用洪都拉斯Copan的Maya站点演示了估算径流的广泛适用方法，包括使用由单参数模型处理的卫星降雨量数据。我们的分析将当今的径流和侵蚀估算与两个历史时期的估算值进行了比较，即大广场玛雅人占领高峰期间的公元900年，开挖之前的1800年，当时该地点大部分被森林覆盖。对于每个时期，将流域面积，土壤，土地覆盖和降雨数据与单参数“曲线数”模型一起使用，以估算年级至十年级暴雨的径流量。然后使用HEC-RAS模型计算出输送通道中的最大径流深度和侵蚀潜力。这些模型没有预测到在1800 A.D.的森林时期会发生径流，但是预测900 A.D.和1800 A.D.之后的径流足够大，足以引起当今排水渠的侵蚀。我们的结果提供了径流幅度，证明了对Copan Maya设计的雨水清除基础设施的需求，该考古基础已在之前进行了考古分析。帕伦克的玛雅湿地也设计了去除雨水的需求，而蒂卡尔的玛雅遗址则设计了雨水收集和储存，蒂卡尔因当地的排水特性和水的可利用性而成为较干燥的地方。雨水径流分析中使用的方法可以使社区和管理者有能力开发科学和文化上适当的非结构性管理方法来保护考古遗址。

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《Journal of Archaeological Science》 |2012年第8期|共6页
作者
Theodore A. Endreny; Stewart A.W. Diemont;
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中图分类文物考古;
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Erosion; Rainfall; Runoff model; Ecological engineering; HEC-RAS; Curve Number; TRMM;

机译：侵蚀;降雨;径流模型;生态工程;HEC-RAS;曲线数;TRMM;

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1. Methods for assessing stormwater management at archaeological sites: Copan Ruins case study [J] . Theodore A. Endreny, Stewart A.W. Diemont Journal of Archaeological Science . 2012,第8期

机译：评估考古现场雨水管理的方法：科潘遗址案例研究
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4. APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICAL METHODS FOR MONITORING OF SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE CHANGES OF ORIGIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL TERRAINS - CASE STUDIES OF SITES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC [C] . R. Krivanek International CIPA Symposium . 2015

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机译：改进用于考古现场管理和分析的LiDAR数据后处理技术：以Canaveral国家海滨公园为例。
6. A study of Ozizza archaeological and ethnographical sites and features in Ebonyi state of Nigeria: research methodological discussion [O] . Emeka E. Okonkwo, Jecinta Ikegwu 2020

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Methods for assessing stormwater management at archaeological sites: Copan Ruins case study

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