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Cinnabar in Mesoamerica: poisoning or mortuary ritual?

机译:中美洲的朱砂:中毒还是太平间仪式?

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In Mesoamerica, dead bodies were often smeared with red pigment, either hematite or cinnabar. Most archaeological remains include bones whose surface may be red colored. Being cinnabar a mercury compound whose chemical formula is HgS, it is not clear if Hg ions diffuse into the hydroxyapatite lattice. In this work we found that cinnabar is not easily dissociated and, therefore, ions from cinnabar spread after death, if any, do not diffuse into hydroxyapatite. However, in bones from the archaeological site of Ranas, close to Querétaro, Mexico, we found Hg ions in interstitial positions of the bone hydroxyapatite lattice. Ranas was a cinnabar mining zone. Hence, the presence of Hg ions in bone hydroxyapatite lattice cannot be due to post mortem rituals and it has to be attributed to breathing or swallowing of mercury vapors or solutions during life. It is, then, a case of poisoning with mercury, probably due to exposition to vapors originated in the mine exploitation or to contaminated food.
机译:在中美洲,尸体经常涂有赤铁矿或朱砂红色颜料。大多数考古遗迹包括骨头,其表面可能是红色的。作为朱砂中的一种化学式为HgS的汞化合物,尚不清楚Hg离子是否扩散到羟基磷灰石晶格中。在这项工作中,我们发现朱砂不易解离,因此,来自朱砂的离子在死亡后扩散(如果有的话)不会扩散到羟基磷灰石中。但是,在来自墨西哥Querétaro附近的Ranas考古遗址的骨骼中,我们在骨骼羟基磷灰石晶格的间隙位置发现了Hg离子。 Ranas是朱砂矿区。因此,骨骼羟磷灰石晶格中存在Hg离子不能归因于事后仪式,而必须归因于生命中呼吸或吞咽汞蒸气或溶液。因此,这是一起汞中毒的情况,可能是由于暴露于矿山开采中产生的蒸气或受污染的食物所致。

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