Artificial patination in Early Iron Age Europe: an analytical case study of a unique bronze artefact

Berger Daniel

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Artificial patination in Early Iron Age Europe: an analytical case study of a unique bronze artefact

机译：欧洲铁器时代早期的人工定色：一个独特的青铜制品的分析案例研究

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Direct evidence for the intentional patination of metal objects is difficult to ascertain and therefore studies concerning this technique are controversial. Only a couple of objects with artificially patinated surfaces have been positively identified, ranging in date from the early 2nd millennium BC to Roman and medieval times. In this paper a skillfully crafted and coloured Early Iron Age bronze axe belonging to the Villanova culture of ancient Italy was selected for examination. Optical microscopy and multiple mineralogical analyses of the surface of this object demonstrate that it was patinated deliberately by a thermal treatment technology (thermal patination). So far, this Iron Age axe is the oldest European object where this technology had been applied. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

机译：很难确定金属物体有意修补的直接证据，因此有关该技术的研究引起争议。从公元前2千年初期到罗马和中世纪，仅可肯定地鉴定出几具人造表面的物体。在本文中，选择了一种精巧的彩色铁器斧头，该铁斧头属于古代意大利的维拉诺瓦文化，是经过精心制作和着色的。光学显微镜和对该物体表面的多次矿物学分析表明，该物体是通过热处理技术（热定型）故意定型的。到目前为止，这把Iron Age斧头是使用该技术的最古老的欧洲物体。（C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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《Journal of Archaeological Science》 |2015年第null期|共12页
作者
Berger Daniel;
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正文语种 eng
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Artificial patination; Tenorite; Early Iron Age; Bronze axe; X-ray diffraction analysis; Micro Raman spectroscopy; FT-IR spectroscopy;

机译：人工定色;陨石;早期铁器时代;青铜斧;X射线衍射分析;显微拉曼光谱;FT-IR光谱;

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1. Artificial patination in Early Iron Age Europe: an analytical case study of a unique bronze artefact [J] . Berger Daniel Journal of Archaeological Science . 2015,第Null期

机译：欧洲铁器时代早期的人工定色：一个独特的青铜制品的分析案例研究
2. Surface modification processes on European Union bronze reference materials for analytical studies of cultural artefacts [J] . T. Beldjoudi, F. Bardet, N. Lacoudre Revue de Metallurgie: Cahiers d'Informations Techniques . 2001,第9期

机译：欧盟青铜参考材料的表面改性工艺，用于文化制品的分析研究
3. Surface modification processes on European Union bronze reference materials for analytical studies of cultural artefacts [J] . T. Beldjoudi, F. Bardet, N. Lacoudre Revue de Metallurgie . 2001,第9期

机译：欧盟青铜参考材料的表面改性工艺，用于文化制品的分析研究
4. Surface modification processes on European union bronze reference materials for analytical studies of cultural artefacts [C] . T. Beldjoudi, F. Bardet, N. Lacoudre, International Conference on Surface Modification Technologies . 2001

机译：欧盟青铜参考材料对文化人工制品分析研究的表面改造工艺
5. Late Bronze III or Iron IA? Classifying the Settlement of the Northern Shephelah During the Transition from the Bronze to Iron Ages [D] . Coyle, Samuel Cameron. 2018

机译：晚期青铜III或铁IA？从青铜时代到铁器时代的过渡期间对北谢弗拉的聚落进行分类
6. STUDIES IN IRON TRANSPORTATION AND METABOLISM. VII. EVIDENCE OBTAINED WITH RADIOACTIVE IRON THAT EASILY SPLIT-OFF BLOOD IRON IS AN ARTEFACT [O] . Moises Grinstein, Carl V. Moore 1949

机译：铁运输和代谢研究。七。放射性铁的证据表明容易脱落的血铁是伪造的
7. Surface modification processes on European Union bronze reference materials for analytical studies of cultural artefacts [O] . BELDJOUDI T, BARDET F, LACOUDRE N, 2001

机译：欧盟青铜参考材料的表面改性工艺，用于文化艺术品的分析研究

Artificial patination in Early Iron Age Europe: an analytical case study of a unique bronze artefact

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