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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Archaeological Science >A Raman spectroscopic study of glass trade beads excavated at Mapungubwe hill and K2, two archaeological sites in southern Africa, raises questions about the last occupation date of the hill
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A Raman spectroscopic study of glass trade beads excavated at Mapungubwe hill and K2, two archaeological sites in southern Africa, raises questions about the last occupation date of the hill

机译：拉曼光谱研究了在南部非洲的两个考古遗址马彭布圭山和K2上挖掘的玻璃贸易珠子，引起了人们对该山的最后占领日期的疑问

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Thousands of glass trade beads were excavated over a 75 year period on Mapungubwe Hill and at K2, two archaeological sites in the Limpopo valley, South Africa. An assemblage of 175 beads that appeared to be different in shape, size and colour (red, yellow, green, blue, white, black, pink, plum) was studied with Raman scattering. At least seven different chromophores or pigments (lazurite, lead tin yellow type II, Ca/Pb arsenate, chromate, calcium antimonate, FeeS “amber” and a spinel) have been identified. Pigment identification allows the recognition of specific productions and indicated that many of the pigments colouring the beads excavated on Mapungubwe hill were manufactured after the 13th century, confirming the presence of modern beads in the archaeological record, some dating from the 19th century. This date is in agreement with the last occupation date for the hill suggested by the earlier excavators and raises questions about the revision of this date to 1290 AD by archaeologists in the 1970’s.
机译：在75年的时间里，在南非Limpopo山谷的两个考古遗址Mapungubwe Hill和K2处挖掘了数千个玻璃贸易珠。用拉曼散射研究了形状，大小和颜色（红色，黄色，绿色，蓝色，白色，黑色，粉红色，李子）不同的175个珠子的组合。已鉴定出至少七种不同的生色团或颜料（方铁石，II型铅锡黄，砷酸钙/铅，铬酸盐，锑酸钙，“琥珀色”和尖晶石）。颜料识别可以识别特定的生产，并表明许多着色于马彭古布山上的珠子的颜料都是在13世纪之后制造的，这证实了考古记录中存在着现代珠子，其中有些可以追溯到19世纪。该日期与较早的挖掘机建议的山丘的最后占领日期一致，并引起了有关考古学家将此日期修订为1970年代至1290年的疑问。

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