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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of applied toxicology >Transient and reversible nephrotoxicity of sarin in rats.
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Transient and reversible nephrotoxicity of sarin in rats.

机译：沙林对大鼠的短暂和可逆肾毒性。

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摘要

Organophosphate (OP) poisoning, which inhibits cholinesterase activity, leads to severe cholinergic symptoms. Effective and quick management of these symptoms is considered critical to the clinical outcome. Acute renal damage following exposure to OP insecticides has been reported. Similar complications might occur following exposure to OP nerve agents, however, this subject has been studied only sporadically. In the present study, the effect of the nerve agent sarin on renal function was examined in rats. A single dose of sarin ( approximately 0.9 LD(50)) led to a significant reduction (of 45%) in renal function during the first 2 days post exposure, as exhibited by evaluation of the glomerular filtration rate, through measuring the clearance of ( 99m)Tc-DTPA. The urine volume was reduced by 50%, the urine specific gravity increased to 104% of the control value and massive hematuria and glucosuria were recorded 24-48 h post exposure. In addition, around 60% decrease in urine electrolytes was monitoredduring the first 2 days following exposure, with a recovery after 8 days. Post mortem gross inspection of the bladder, 24 h post exposure, revealed severe edema and hemorrhage. Treatment with the muscarinic antagonist atropine and the oxime TMB-4, at excessive doses administered 1 min post exposure, did not prevent most renal impairments. It has been concluded that sarin caused an acute renal dysfunction, possibly accompanied by bladder damage. These impairments were reversible, recovered spontaneously within 3-8 days, and were probably related to the state of shock and hypovolemia caused by the poisoning. However, if renal impairments are left unattended, they might contribute to the overall toxic manifestation and as a result aggravate the clinical state of intoxicated casualties.
机译：抑制胆碱酯酶活性的有机磷酸酯（OP）中毒会导致严重的胆碱能症状。这些症状的有效和快速处理被认为对临床结果至关重要。据报道，接触OP杀虫剂后会导致急性肾损伤。暴露于OP神经毒剂后可能会发生类似的并发症，但是，仅对该学科进行了零星研究。在本研究中，检查了神经毒药沙林对大鼠肾功能的影响。单次剂量的沙林蛋白（约0.9 LD（50））在暴露后的前2天导致肾功能显着降低（45％），如通过测量肾小球滤过率（通过测量（ 99m）Tc-DTPA。尿量减少了50％，尿比重增加到对照值的104％，并且在暴露后24-48小时记录到大量血尿和糖尿。另外，在暴露后的前两天监测到尿液电解质减少约60％，并在8天后恢复。暴露后24小时，对尸体进行尸检后的大体检查表明，严重的水肿和出血。在暴露后1分钟使用毒蕈碱拮抗剂阿托品和肟TMB-4进行过量治疗，不能预防大多数肾功能不全。已经得出结论，沙林蛋白可引起急性肾功能不全，可能伴有膀胱损害。这些损伤是可逆的，可在3-8天内自发恢复，可能与中毒引起的休克和血容量不足有关。但是，如果不注意肾功能不全，则可能会导致总体毒性表现，结果加重了中毒伤亡的临床状况。

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