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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of applied toxicology >Benchmark dose of cadmium concentration in rice for renal effects in a cadmium-polluted area in Japan
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Benchmark dose of cadmium concentration in rice for renal effects in a cadmium-polluted area in Japan

机译：日本镉污染地区大米中镉浓度对肾脏影响的基准剂量

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The aim of this study was to estimate the reference level of cadmium in rice as the benchmark doses (BMD) and their 95% lower confidence limits (BMDL) for various renal effects by applying an updated hybrid approach. The participants were 1120 men and 1274 women aged 50 years or older who lived in the environmentally exposed Kakehashi river basin for at least 30 years. As indicators of renal dysfunction, glucose, protein, aminonitrogen, metallothionein and (2)-microgrobulin in urine were measured. Cadmium concentration was determined for rice samples stored in warehouses of the farmers in all of the polluted hamlets. The BMD and BMDL that corresponded to an additional risk of 5% were calculated with background risk at a zero exposure set at 5%. The obtained BMDLs were 0.39 (aminonitrogen), 0.26 (metallothionein), 0.25 ((2)-microgrobulin) mg kg(-1) in men and 0.44 (glucose), 0.32 (protein), 0.33 (aminonitrogen), 0.28 (metallothionein) and 0.24 ((2)-microgrobulin) mg kg(-1) in women. The lowest BMDL was 0.25 and 0.24 mg kg(-1) ((2)-microgrobulin) in men and women respectively. These values were lower than the maximum level (0.4 mg kg(-1)) determined by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, indicating that these BMDLs may contribute to further discussion on the health risk assessment of cadmium exposure. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
机译：这项研究的目的是通过应用更新的混合方法，估算水稻中镉的参考水平作为基准剂量（BMD）及其对各种肾脏影响的95％下置信限（BMDL）。参与者是年龄在50岁以上的1120名男性和1274名女性，他们在环境暴露的Kakehashi流域中居住了至少30年。作为肾功能障碍的指标，测量了尿液中的葡萄糖，蛋白质，氨基氮，金属硫蛋白和（2）-微球蛋白。测定了所有受污染小村庄农民的仓库中存储的大米样品中的镉浓度。计算了与5％的额外风险相对应的BMD和BMDL，将零暴露的背景风险设为5％。男性获得的BMDL为0.39（氨基氮），0.26（金属硫蛋白），0.25（（2）-微球蛋白）mg kg（-1）和0.44（葡萄糖），0.32（蛋白质），0.33（氨基氮），0.28（金属硫蛋白）女性为0.24（（2）-微球蛋白）mg kg（-1）。最低的BMDL分别为0.25和0.24 mg kg（-1）（（2）-微球蛋白）男女。这些值低于食品法典委员会确定的最大含量（0.4 mg kg（-1）），表明这些BMDL可能有助于进一步讨论镉暴露的健康风险评估。版权所有（c）2014 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.

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