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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Biogeography >Phylogeography of Podocarpus matudae (Podocarpaceae): pre-Quaternary relicts in northern Mesoamerican cloud forests
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Phylogeography of Podocarpus matudae (Podocarpaceae): pre-Quaternary relicts in northern Mesoamerican cloud forests

机译：罗汉松（Podocarpaceae）的系统志：中美洲北部云雾林的第四纪前遗迹

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AbstractAim Cloud forests of northern Mesoamerica represent the northern and southern limit of the contact zone between species otherwise characteristic of North or South America. Several phylogeographic studies featuring temperate conifer species have improved our understanding of species responses to environmental changes. In contrast, conifer species that presumably colonized northern Mesoamerica from South America are far less studied. A phylogeographic study of Podocarpus matudae (Podocarpaceae) was conducted to identify any major evolutionary divergences or disjunctions across its range and to determine if its current distribution is associated with pre-Quaternary climatic and-or long-distance dispersal events.Location Northern Mesoamerica (Mexico and Guatemala).Methods Sixteen populations (157 individuals) of P. matudae were screened for variation at two plastid DNA markers. The intra-specific phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes were reconstructed using Bayesian inference. Population genetic analyses were undertaken to gain insight into the evolutionary history of these populations. To test whether genetic divergence among populations occurred at different time-scales plastid DNA sequence data and fossil- and coalescent-based calibrations were integrated.Results The combination of plastid markers yielded 11 haplotypes. Differentiation among populations based on DNA variation (GST) (0.707, SE 0.0807) indicated a clear population structure in P. matudae. Differentiation for ordered alleles (NST) (0.811, SE 0.0732) was higher than that for GST, indicating phylogeographical structure in P. matudae. Most of the total variation (81.3%, P <0.0001) was explained by differences among populations. The estimated divergence time between the unique haplotypes from a Guatemalan population and the two most common haplotypes from the Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico was between 10 and 20 Ma, and further haplotype divergence in the poorly resolved clade of the Sierra Madre Oriental occurred between 3 and 0.5 Ma.Main conclusions Divergence estimations support the hypothesis that extant Podocarpus matudae populations are pre-Quaternary relicts. This finding is consistent with fossil and pollen data that support a Miocene age for temperate floristic elements in Mesoamerican cloud forests, whereas further haplotype divergence within the Sierra Madre Oriental, Chiapas and Guatemala occurred more recently, coinciding with Pleistocene cloud forest refugia.
机译：摘要中美洲北部的目标云森林代表了北美或南美其他物种之间的接触区的北部和南部界限。一些以温带针叶树种为特色的系统地理学研究提高了我们对物种对环境变化的响应的理解。相比之下，大概来自南美的中美洲北部殖民地的针叶树物种则研究较少。对罗汉松（Podocarpaceae）（罗汉松）进行了系统地理学研究，以确定其整个范围内的任何主要进化差异或分离，并确定其当前分布是否与第四纪以前的气候和/或长距离弥散事件有关。方法筛选了16个种群（157个个体）的马尾假单胞菌在两个质体DNA标记上的变异。使用贝叶斯推断重建单体型之间的种内系统发育关系。进行了种群遗传分析以深入了解这些种群的进化历史。为了检验种群之间的遗传差异是否在不同的时间尺度上发生，将质体DNA序列数据和基于化石和聚结的校准进行了整合。结果质体标记的组合产生了11个单倍型。基于DNA变异（GST）（0.707，SE 0.0807）的种群间差异表明，马尾假单胞菌具有清晰的种群结构。有序等位基因（NST）（0.811，SE 0.0732）的分化程度高于GST，表明马尾假单胞菌的系统地理结构。总体差异中的大部分（81.3％，P <0.0001）由人群之间的差异解释。危地马拉种群的独特单倍型与墨西哥塞拉马德雷东方的两种最常见单倍型之间的估计发散时间在10至20 Ma之间，而塞拉马德雷东方的贫民窟进化中的单倍型进一步发散发生在3至3之间。 0.5 Ma。主要结论发散估计支持以下假设：现存的罗汉松（Podocarpus matudae）种群是第四纪前的遗迹。这一发现与化石和花粉数据相符，该数据支持中美洲云林中温带植物区系的中新世时代，而近来在Sierra Madre Oriental，恰帕斯州和危地马拉出现了进一步的单倍型差异，这与更新世云雾森林相提并论。

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