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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Biogeography >A time-calibrated phylogenetic approach to assessing the phylogeography, colonization history and phenotypic evolution of snakes in the Japanese Izu Islands
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A time-calibrated phylogenetic approach to assessing the phylogeography, colonization history and phenotypic evolution of snakes in the Japanese Izu Islands

机译：一种时间校准的系统发育方法，用于评估日本伊豆群岛蛇的系统地理学，定殖历史和表型演变

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AimWe infer the biogeography and colonization history of a dispersal-limited terrestrial vertebrate, the Japanese four-lined ratsnake (Elaphe quadrivirgata), to reveal the number of times mainland populations have invaded the Izu Archipelago of Japan, the mainland sources of these colonists, and the time-scale of colonization. We compare these results with those of past studies in an attempt to uncover general biogeographical patterns. Moreover, we briefly examine the significance of colonization history when evaluating the evolution of body size and melanism of the Izu Island E. quadrivirgata populations.LocationThe Izu Islands (Oshima, Toshima, Niijima, Shikine, Kozu, Tadanae and Mikura), a volcanic archipelago off the Pacific coast of central Japan.MethodsWe obtained DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1117 base pairs) from 373 individual snakes sampled from seven of the Izu Islands and 25 mainland localities. We employed partitioned Bayesian phylogenetic analyses assuming a relaxed molecular clock to estimate phylogenetic relationships among extant haplotypes and to give an explicit temporal scale to the timing of clade divergence, colonization history and tempo of body-size evolution. Moreover, we employed model-based biogeographical analysis to calculate the minimum number of times E. quadrivirgata colonized the Izu Islands.ResultsWe found evidence that three separate regions of the Izu Archipelago have been colonized independently from mainland ancestors within the past 0.58-0.20 Ma. The Izu Peninsula plus Oshima and Mikura were both colonized independently from lineages inhabiting eastern mainland Japan. The Toshima, Niijima, Shikine, Kozu and Tadanae populations all derive from a single colonization from western mainland Japan. Oshima has been subject to three or possibly four colonizations.Main conclusionsThese results support the hypothesis that the extreme body-size disparity among island populations of this ratsnake evolved in situ. Moreover, the fact that the dwarf, melanistic population inhabiting Oshima descends from multiple mainland colonization events is evidence of an extremely strong natural selection pressure resulting in the rapid evolution of this unique morphology. These results contrast with theoretical predictions that natural selection pressures should play a decreased role on islands close to the mainland and/or subject to frequent or recent immigration.
机译：目的，我们推断出分布有限的陆地脊椎动物日本四线大尾巴响尾蛇（Elaphe quadrivirgata）的生物地理学和殖民历史，以揭示大陆人口入侵日本伊豆群岛的次数，这些殖民者的大陆来源以及殖民的时间尺度。我们将这些结果与过去的研究结果进行比较，以期发现一般的生物地理模式。此外，在评估伊豆岛四面体埃弗拉伊埃斯岛种群的体型和黑色素的演变时，我们简要地考察了殖民历史的重要性。位置伊豆群岛（大岛，丰岛，新岛，志根，小津，三田玉和三浦）是一个火山群岛。方法我们从伊豆群岛的7个和25个大陆地区采样的373条单独的蛇中获得了线粒体细胞色素b基因的DNA序列（1117个碱基对）。我们采用分区贝叶斯系统发育分析，假设一个宽松的分子钟来估计现存单倍型之间的系统发生关系，并为进化枝散布，定居历史和体型进化速度提供明确的时间尺度。此外，我们基于模型进行了生物地理分析，以计算出伊豆群岛四生埃希俄比亚人定居的最少次数。结果我们发现有证据表明，在过去的0.58-0.20 Ma内，伊祖群岛的三个独立区域已独立于祖先进行了殖民。伊豆半岛以及大岛和三仓都是独立于日本东部的血统殖民地。丰岛区，新岛町，志坚市，甲祖岛和Ta田族全部来自日本西部大陆的单一殖民地。大岛曾经历过三个或四个殖民地。主要结论这些结果支持以下假设：大白鼠岛上岛屿种群之间的极端体形差异是就地进化的。此外，居住在大岛的矮人，忧郁的人口源于多个大陆殖民事件，这一事实证明了极强的自然选择压力导致了这种独特形态的迅速发展。这些结果与理论上的预测相反，即自然选择压力在大陆附近和/或经常或近期移民的岛上所起的作用应减小。

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