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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Agromedicine >Ergonomics in modern dairy practice: a review of current issues and research needs. (Special Issue: A global perspective on modern dairy: occupational health and safety challenges and opportunities.)
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Ergonomics in modern dairy practice: a review of current issues and research needs. (Special Issue: A global perspective on modern dairy: occupational health and safety challenges and opportunities.)

机译：现代奶业实践中的人机工程学：对当前问题和研究需求的回顾。 （特刊：现代奶业的全球视角：职业健康与安全挑战与机遇。）

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Dairy farming is an ancient occupation. Traditionally, cows have been manually milked while tethered in stalls or stanchions. In the latter half of the 20th century as machine milking emerged, the parlor milking system has become more popular, especially among larger dairy farms. The transition from manual milking to automatic milking systems as well as the transition from stanchion to parlor milking systems involved a dramatic change in milking tasks. These transitions have resulted in changing patterns of occupational exposure to risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dairy workers. However, aspects of the milking task such as sanitization of teats, stripping milk from teats, and attachment and detachment of milking equipment have remained relatively the same. Work-related musculoskeletal symptoms have been reported in the low back, shoulders, hands/wrists, and knees. Research that has measured exposures to risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dairy farm workers has been limited, especially when using ergonomic tools to directly measure exposure, such as electrogoniometry or electromyography. Self-reported exposure measures have been most commonly used. The interventions that have been tested to reduce exposure to risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders include assisted lift-hold devices, use of lighter-weight equipment, adjustable flooring, and use of rubber mats. However, research evaluating potential solutions to reduce dairy farm worker exposure to risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders is scarce. Future research efforts should further characterize hazards while simultaneously testing viable solutions that fit within the business model of the dairy farm industry.
机译：奶业是一项古老的职业。传统上，母牛是在拴系在小摊或支柱中时手动挤奶的。在20世纪后半叶，随着机器挤奶的出现，客厅挤奶系统变得越来越流行，尤其是在大型奶牛场中。从手动挤奶到自动挤奶系统的过渡以及从立柱到客厅挤奶系统的过渡涉及挤奶任务的巨大变化。这些转变导致乳业工人职业暴露于与工作有关的肌肉骨骼疾病的危险因素的方式发生了变化。但是，挤奶任务的各个方面，例如奶头的消毒，从奶头中剥离牛奶以及挤奶设备的连接和拆卸都保持相对不变。据报道，与工作有关的肌肉骨骼症状出现在下背部，肩膀，手/腕和膝盖。在乳制品农场工人中测量与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病风险因素的暴露的研究一直是有限的，尤其是在使用人体工程学工具直接测量暴露的情况下，例如眼电图或肌电图。自我报告的接触措施是最常用的。经过测试可减少与工作有关的肌肉骨骼疾病的危险因素的干预措施包括：辅助提举装置，使用重量更轻的设备，可调节的地板以及使用橡胶垫。但是，缺乏评估可能的解决方案以减少奶牛场工人暴露于肌肉骨骼疾病危险因素的研究。未来的研究工作应进一步确定危害的特征，同时测试适合奶牛场行业商业模式的可行解决方案。

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