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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of biomechanical engineering. >A Musculoskeletal Model of the Equine Forelimb for Determining Surface Stresses and Strains in the Humerus - Part II. Experimental Testing and Model Validation
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A Musculoskeletal Model of the Equine Forelimb for Determining Surface Stresses and Strains in the Humerus - Part II. Experimental Testing and Model Validation

机译：马前臂的肌肉骨骼模型，用于确定肱骨的表面应力和应变-第二部分。实验测试和模型验证

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The first objective of this study was to experimentally determine surface bone strain magnitudes and directions at the donor site for bone grafts, the site predisposed to stress fracture, the medial and cranial aspects of the transverse cross section corresponding to the stress fracture site, and the middle of the diaphysis of the humerus of a simplified in vitro laboratory preparation. The second objective was to determine whether computing strains solely in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the humerus in the mathematical model was inherently limited by comparing the strains measured along the longitudinal axis of the bone to the principal strain magnitudes and directions. The final objective was to determine whether the mathematical model formulated in Part I [Pollock et al, 2008, ASME J. Biomech. Eng., 130, p. 041006] is valid for determining the bone surface strains at the various locations on the humerus where experimentally measured longitudinal strains are comparable to principal strains. Triple rosette strain gauges were applied at four locations circumferentially on each of two cross sections of interest using a simplified in vitro laboratory preparation. The muscles included the biceps brachii muscle in addition to loaded shoulder muscles that were predicted active by the mathematical model. Strains from the middle grid of each rosette, aligned along the longitudinal axis of the humerus, were compared with calculated principal strain magnitudes and directions. The results indicated that calculating strains solely in the direction of the longitudinal axis is appropriate at six of eight locations. At the cranial and medial aspects of the middle of the diaphysis, the average minimum principal strain was not comparable to the average experimental longitudinal strain. Further analysis at the remaining six locations indicated that the mathematical model formulated in Part I predicts strains within ±2 standard deviations of experimental strains at four of these locations and predicts negligible strains at the remaining two locations, which is consistent with experimental strains. Experimentally determined longitudinal strains at the middle of the diaphysis of the humerus indicate that tensile strains occur at the cranial aspect and compressive strains occur at the caudal aspect while the horse is standing, which is useful for fracture fixation.
机译：这项研究的第一个目的是通过实验确定骨移植物供体部位的表面骨应变大小和方向，易发生应力性骨折的部位，与应力性骨折部位相对应的横断面的内侧和颅骨部位以及肱骨中间骨干的简化体外实验室准备。第二个目的是通过将沿骨骼纵轴测量的应变与主要应变幅度和方向进行比较，确定数学模型中仅在肱骨纵轴方向上计算应变是否固有地受到限制。最终目的是确定数学模型是否在第I部分中提出[Pollock等，2008，ASME J. Biomech。 Eng。，130，p。 041006]对于确定肱骨上各个位置的骨表面应变有效，在这些位置上，实验测量的纵向应变与主要应变相当。使用简化的体外实验室准备，在感兴趣的两个横截面的每个横截面的四个位置上，沿圆周四个位置应用三重玫瑰形应变仪。肌肉除了肱二头肌以外，还包括数学模型预测为活跃的肩部肌肉。将沿肱骨纵轴排列的每个玫瑰花结的中间网格的应变与计算出的主应变幅度和方向进行比较。结果表明，仅在纵向轴方向上计算应变适用于八个位置中的六个。在骨干中部的颅骨和内侧，平均最小主应变不能与平均实验纵向应变相比。在其余六个位置的进一步分析表明，第一部分中建立的数学模型预测了其中四个位置的实验应变在±2标准偏差以内的应变，并预测了其余两个位置的应变可忽略不计，这与实验应变一致。通过实验确定的肱骨干physi端中部的纵向应变表明，当马站立时，颅骨方面会产生拉伸应变，而尾端方面会产生压缩应变，这对于固定骨折很有用。

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