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Respiratory microflows in the pulmonary acinus

机译：肺腺泡中的呼吸微流

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Over the past few decades, our understanding of the fluid mechanics characterizing the pulmonary acinus of the lungs has been fundamentally revisited. In the present paper, we review the current knowledge of acinar convective airflows and their role in determining the fate of inhaled aerosols in the distal regions of the lungs. We discuss the influential body of computational and experimental efforts following the revealing bolus studies initiated by Heyder et al. (1988) that have dramatically advanced our description of acinar flow phenomena. In particular, we characterize the range of complex flow topologies that exist locally in alveolar cavities and describe the ensuing convective mechanisms known to generate kinematic irreversibility in the acinus, despite low-Reynolds-number flows. By using dimensional analysis, we shed some light on the intimate coupling that arises in the pulmonary acinus between diffusive, convective and sedimentation mechanisms for aerosol deposition. Finally, we evoke some of the critical challenges that lie ahead in predicting accurately the deposition of inhaled particles across the acinar region and give a brief outlook toward novel approaches for resolving acinar flow dynamics at the real scale.
机译：在过去的几十年中，我们从根本上重新认识了我们对表征肺部肺腺泡的流体力学的理解。在本文中，我们回顾了当前对流对流的知识及其在确定肺远端区域吸入气雾的结局中的作用。在Heyder等人发起的揭示性推注研究之后，我们讨论了计算和实验工作的影响力。 （1988年）大大提高了我们对泡状流现象的描述。特别是，我们描述了存在于肺泡腔中的复杂流动拓扑的范围，并描述了尽管对流机制虽然雷诺数较低，但仍可在腺泡中产生运动学​​不可逆性。通过使用尺寸分析，我们揭示了在气雾沉积的扩散，对流和沉降机制之间在肺腺泡中发生的紧密耦合。最后，我们唤起了准确预测整个腺泡区域内吸入颗粒沉积的一些关键挑战，并简要展望了解决实际尺度上腺泡流动动力学的新方法。

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