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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Biomechanics >Trade-offs between horizontal and vertical velocities during triple jumping and the effect on phase distances
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Trade-offs between horizontal and vertical velocities during triple jumping and the effect on phase distances

机译：三级跳过程中水平和垂直速度之间的权衡以及对相距的影响

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摘要

The triple jump is an athletic event involving three ground contact phases during which athletes must trade off the maintenance of horizontal velocity against the generation of vertical velocity. Previous studies have indicated that individual athletes have a linear relationship between the loss in horizontal velocity and the gain in vertical velocity during each phase. This study used computer simulation to investigate the effects of constraining the takeoff velocities in the hop phase on the velocity trade-offs in this and subsequent phases. Kinematic data were obtained from an entire triple jump using a Vicon automatic motion capture system, and strength and anthropometric data were collected from the triple jumper. A planar 13-segment torque-driven subject-specific computer simulation model was used to maximise the distance of each phase by varying torque generator activation timings using a genetic algorithm. Vertical takeoff velocities in the hop phase were constrained to be 100%, ±10%, ±20%, and ±30% of the performance velocity, and subsequent phases were optimised with initial conditions calculated from the takeoff of the previous phase and with no constraints on takeoff velocity. The results showed that the loss in horizontal velocity during each contact phase was strongly related to the vertical takeoff velocity (R2=0.83) in that phase rather than the overall gain in vertical velocity as found in previous studies. Maximum overall distances were achieved with step phases which were 30% of the total distance of the triple jump confirming the results of experimental studies on elite triple jumpers.
机译：三级跳远是一项体育赛事，涉及三个地面接触阶段，在此阶段，运动员必须权衡水平速度的维持与垂直速度的产生。先前的研究表明，在每个阶段中，单个运动员的水平速度损失与垂直速度增加之间具有线性关系。这项研究使用计算机仿真来研究在此阶段和后续阶段中，限制跳频阶段起飞速度对速度权衡的影响。运动数据是使用Vicon自动运动捕捉系统从整个三级跳远获得的，而力量和人体测量数据则是从三级跳远收集的。平面13段扭矩驱动的特定对象计算机仿真模型用于通过使用遗传算法改变扭矩发生器的激活时间来最大化每个相的距离。跃点阶段的垂直起飞速度被限制为性能速度的100％，±10％，±20％和±30％，随后的阶段使用根据前一阶段的起飞计算出的初始条件进行了优化，而没有起飞速度的限制。结果表明，每个接触阶段中水平速度的损失与该阶段中的垂直起飞速度（R2 = 0.83）密切相关，而不是先前研究中发现的垂直速度的整体增益。阶跃阶段可达到最大总距离，该阶段占三级跳远总距离的30％，这证实了精英三级跳远运动员的实验研究结果。

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