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Mechanobiology of the meniscus

机译：半月板的力学生物学

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The meniscus plays a critical biomechanical role in the knee, providing load support, joint stability, and congruity. Importantly, growing evidence indicates that the mechanobiologic response of meniscal cells plays a critical role in the physiologic, pathologic, and repair responses of the meniscus. Here we review experimental and theoretical studies that have begun to directly measure the biomechanical effects of joint loading on the meniscus under physiologic and pathologic conditions, showing that the menisci are exposed to high contact stresses, resulting in a complex and nonuniform stress-strain environment within the tissue. By combining microscale measurements of the mechanical properties of meniscal cells and their pericellular and extracellular matrix regions, theoretical and experimental models indicate that the cells in the meniscus are exposed to a complex and inhomogeneous environment of stress, strain, fluid pressure, fluid flow, and a variety of physicochemical factors. Studies across a range of culture systems from isolated cells to tissues have revealed that the biological response of meniscal cells is directly influenced by physical factors, such as tension, compression, and hydrostatic pressure. In addition, these studies have provided new insights into the mechanotransduction mechanisms by which physical signals are converted into metabolic or pro/anti-inflammatory responses. Taken together, these in vivo and in vitro studies show that mechanical factors play an important role in the health, degeneration, and regeneration of the meniscus. A more thorough understanding of the mechanobiologic responses of the meniscus will hopefully lead to therapeutic approaches to prevent degeneration and enhance repair of the meniscus. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：半月板在膝关节中起着至关重要的生物力学作用，可提供负荷支持，关节稳定性和一致性。重要的是，越来越多的证据表明半月板细胞的机械生物学反应在半月板的生理，病理和修复反应中起着至关重要的作用。在这里，我们回顾了实验和理论研究，这些研究已经开始直接测量生理和病理条件下关节负荷对半月板的生物力学影响，显示半月板暴露于高接触应力下，从而导致内部复杂且不均匀的应力应变环境组织。通过结合对半月板细胞及其细胞周围和细胞外基质区域的机械性能的微观测量，理论和实验模型表明，半月板中的细胞暴露于应力，应变，流体压力，流体流动和压力的复杂且非均匀的环境中。多种理化因素。从分离的细胞到组织的一系列培养系统的研究表明，半月板细胞的生物学反应直接受到物理因素的影响，例如张力，压缩和静水压力。此外，这些研究为将物理信号转化为代谢或促炎/抗炎反应的机械转导机制提供了新见解。综上所述，这些体内和体外研究表明，机械因素在半月板的健康，退化和再生中起着重要作用。对半月板的机械生物学反应的更透彻的了解将有望导致预防半月板变性和增强半月板修复的治疗方法。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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