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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Biomechanics >Human hoppers compensate for simultaneous changes in surface compression and damping.
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Human hoppers compensate for simultaneous changes in surface compression and damping.

机译：料斗可补偿表面压缩和阻尼的同时变化。

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On a range of elastic and damped surfaces, human hoppers and runners adjust leg mechanics to maintain similar spring-like mechanics of the leg and surface combination. In a previous study of adaptations to damped surfaces, we changed surface damping and stiffness simultaneously to maintain constant surface compression. The current study investigated whether hoppers maintain spring-like mechanics of the leg-surface combination when surface damping alone changes (elastic and 1000-4800 N s m(-1)). We found that hoppers adjusted leg mechanics to maintain similar spring-like mechanics of the leg-surface combination and center of mass dynamics on all surfaces. Over the range of surface damping, vertical stiffness of the leg-surface combination increased by only 12% and center of mass displacement decreased by only 6% despite up to 55% less compression of more heavily damped surfaces. In contrast, a simulation predicted a 44% decrease in vertical displacement with no adjustment to leg mechanics. To compensatefor the smaller and slower compression of more heavily damped surfaces, the stance legs compressed by up to 4.1 +/- 0.2 cm further and reached peak compression sooner. To replace energy lost by damped surfaces, hoppers performed additional leg work by extending the legs during takeoff by up to 3.1 +/- 0.2 cm further than they compressed during landing. We conclude that humans simultaneously adjust leg compression magnitude and timing, as well as mechanical work output, to conserve center of mass dynamics on damped surfaces. Runners may use similar strategies on natural energy-dissipating surfaces such as sand, mud and snow.
机译：在一定范围的弹性和阻尼表面上，人类的料斗和跑步者会调整腿部力学，以保持类似的弹簧般的腿部和表面组合力学。在先前对阻尼表面的适应性研究中，我们同时更改了表面阻尼和刚度以保持恒定的表面压缩。当前的研究调查了当单独的表面阻尼发生变化（弹性和1000-4800 N s m（-1））时，料斗是否保持腿-面组合的弹簧状力学。我们发现，料斗调整了腿的力学，以保持相似的类似于弹簧的腿-表面组合和所有表面上的质点动力学力学。在表面阻尼范围内，腿-腿组合的垂直刚度仅增加了12％，而质心位移仅减少了6％，尽管对较重阻尼的表面的压缩减少了55％。相比之下，仿真预测在不调整腿部力学的情况下，垂直位移会减少44％。为了补偿阻尼较大的表面的较小且较慢的压缩，姿态腿进一步压缩了多达4.1 +/- 0.2 cm，并更快达到了峰值压缩。为了弥补潮湿表面损失的能量，料斗通过在起飞过程中将支腿比着陆时压缩的腿进一步伸展多达3.1 +/- 0.2 cm，从而进行了额外的支腿工作。我们得出的结论是，人类可以同时调整腿部受压的幅度和时间以及机械功输出，以保留阻尼表面上的质点动力学中心。跑步者可以在自然耗能的表面（例如沙，泥和雪）上使用类似的策略。

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