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Mechanobiology of tendon.

机译：肌腱的力学生物学。

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摘要

Tendons are able to respond to mechanical forces by altering their structure, composition, and mechanical properties-a process called tissue mechanical adaptation. The fact that mechanical adaptation is effected by cells in tendons is clearly understood; however, how cells sense mechanical forces and convert them into biochemical signals that ultimately lead to tendon adaptive physiological or pathological changes is not well understood. Mechanobiology is an interdisciplinary study that can enhance our understanding of mechanotransduction mechanisms at the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of tendon mechanobiology. The discussion begins with the mechanical forces acting on tendons in vivo, tendon structure and composition, and its mechanical properties. Then the tendon's response to exercise, disuse, and overuse are presented, followed by a discussion of tendon healing and the role of mechanical loading and fibroblast contraction in tissue healing. Next, mechanobiological responses of tendon fibroblasts to repetitive mechanical loading conditions are presented, and major cellular mechanotransduction mechanisms are briefly reviewed. Finally, future research directions in tendon mechanobiology research are discussed.
机译：肌腱能够通过改变其结构，组成和机械特性来对机械力做出反应，这一过程称为组织机械适应。机械性适应受肌腱细胞影响的事实已被清楚地理解;然而，细胞如何感知机械力并将其转换为最终导致肌腱适应性生理或病理变化的生化信号尚不清楚。机械生物学是一项跨学科的研究，可以增进我们对组织，细胞和分子水平上的机械转导机制的了解。本文的目的是概述肌腱力学生物学。讨论从作用于体内肌腱的机械力，肌腱的结构和组成及其力学特性开始。然后介绍了肌腱对运动，不使用和过度使用的反应，然后讨论了肌腱的愈合以及机械负荷和成纤维细胞收缩在组织愈合中的作用。接下来，提出了肌腱成纤维细胞对反复机械负荷条件的力学生物学响应，并简要综述了主要的细胞力学转导机制。最后，讨论了肌腱力学生物学研究的未来研究方向。

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