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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Biomechanics >Sensitivity of an equine distal limb model to perturbations in tendon paths, origins and insertions.
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Sensitivity of an equine distal limb model to perturbations in tendon paths, origins and insertions.

机译：马的远端肢体模型对肌腱路径，起源和插入的扰动的敏感性。

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As equine musculoskeletal models become common, it is important to determine their sensitivity to the simplifications used. A subject-specific distal forelimb model was created using bones extracted from CT scans to examine movement from in-vivo invasive-marker motion capture. The movements of the sesamoid bones were simulated using the constraints of maintaining an isometric virtual ligament and maintaining contact between the appropriate articular surfaces, creating a variable moment arm for the tendons. The simulation of the proximal sesamoid bones was compared to movement recorded in-vitro. The paths and origins used for the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) and suspensory ligament (SL) were altered and the effects on their calculated strains during trot stance were examined. The most influential alteration tested was the dorsopalmar changes to the tendon paths at the level of the proximal sesamoid bones, which led to a maximum length reduction of 4 and 2mmfor the SDFT and DDFT, respectively. Alterations to the virtual origins of the SDFT and DDFT were not influential leading to up to a 0.01% effect on strains for a 1cm dorsopalmar shift. In the SL, the choice of the proximal or distal edge of the proximal attachment site varied the strains calculated by up to 1% (3mm). These results show that within the anatomically realistic spectrum, changes to tendon paths can have an appreciable effect on calculated strains; however the origin sites chosen are not as influential as changes to paths at the metacarpo-phalangeal joint.
机译：随着马骨骼肌肉模型的普及，确定其对所用简化方法的敏感性非常重要。使用从CT扫描中提取的骨骼创建特定于受试者的远端前肢模型，以检查来自体内侵入性标记运动捕获的运动。使用维持等距虚拟韧带和维持适当的关节表面之间接触的约束条件来模拟芝麻骨的运动，从而为肌腱创建可变力矩臂。将近端芝麻骨的模拟与体外记录的运动进行了比较。改变了深指屈肌腱（DDFT），浅指屈肌腱（SDFT）和悬韧带（SL）的路径和起源，并检查了它们在小跑姿势期间对其计算应变的影响。测试过的最具影响力的变化是近端芝麻骨水平的腱索背侧rs骨改变，SDFT和DDFT的最大长度分别减少了4mm和2mm。 SDFT和DDFT的虚拟起源的改变没有影响，导致对1cm背op移位的菌株产生高达0.01％的影响。在SL中，选择近端附着位点的近端或远端边缘会使所计算的应变变化最多1％（3mm）。这些结果表明，在解剖学上真实的光谱范围内，肌腱路径的改变可能对计算出的应变产生明显影响。然而，所选择的起源位置不如改变掌指关节路径的影响力大。

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