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Coordinate systems for the carpal bones of the wrist

机译：手腕腕骨的坐标系

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The eight small and complexly shaped carpal bones of the wrist articulate in six degrees of freedom with each other and to some extent with the radius and the metacarpals. With the increasing number and sophistication of studies of the carpus, a standardized definition for a coordinate system for each the carpal bones would aid in the reporting and comparison of findings. This paper presents a method for defining and constructing a coordinate system specific to each of the eight carpal bones based upon the inertial properties of the bone, derived from surface models constructed from three-dimensional (3-D) medical image volumes. Surface models from both wrists of 5 male and 5 female subjects were generated from CT image volumes in two neutral wrist positions (functional and clinical). An automated algorithm found the principal inertial axes and oriented them according to preset conditions in 85% of the bones, the remaining bones were corrected manually. Six of the eight carpal bones were significantly more extended in the functional neutral position than in the clinical neutral position. Gender had no significant effect on carpal bone posture in either wrist position. Correlations between the 3-D carpal posture and the commonly used 2-D clinical radiographic carpal angles are established. 3-D coordinate systems defined by the anatomy of the carpal bone, such as the ones presented here, are necessary to completely describe 3-D changes in the posture of the carpal bones. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：腕部的八个小而形状复杂的腕骨彼此之间具有六个自由度，并在一定程度上与and骨和掌骨相连。随着对腕骨研究的数量和复杂程度的提高，针对每个腕骨的坐标系的标准化定义将有助于报告和比较结果。本文提出了一种方法，该方法基于骨骼的惯性特性来定义和构造特定于八个腕骨的坐标系，该坐标系是从三维（3-D）医学图像体积构造的表面模型中得出的。从两个中性手腕位置（功能和临床）的CT图像量生成5位男性和5位女性受试者的两个手腕的表面模型。自动化算法找到了惯性主轴，并根据预设条件将其定向到85％的骨骼中，其余骨骼手动进行了校正。八个腕骨中的六个在功能中性位置比在临床中性位置显着延长。性别对任一腕部位置的腕骨姿势均无明显影响。建立了3-D腕骨姿势与常用的2-D临床放射照相腕骨角度之间的相关性。由腕骨解剖结构定义的3D坐标系（例如此处介绍的坐标系）对于完整描述腕骨姿势的3D变化是必要的。 （c）2005 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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