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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Chemical Ecology: Official Journal of the International Society of Chemical Ecology >Pulsed Odors from Maize or Spinach Elicit Orientation in European Corn Borer Neonate Larvae
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Pulsed Odors from Maize or Spinach Elicit Orientation in European Corn Borer Neonate Larvae

机译：欧洲玉米Bor新生幼虫中玉米或菠菜诱导取向的脉冲气味

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摘要

Lepidoptera larvae are capable of orienting towards or away from plants by using odors as cues but whether this attraction is innate or secondarily acquired remains unknown. We tested the hypothesis that European corn borer (ECB) neonate larvae express an innate attraction towards odors released from maize, and avoidance towards odors from spinach. Neonate larvae were placed on a locomotion compensator within a constant stream of humidified air that was loaded intermittently with airborne odors drawn from potted plants. The odor stream was delivered continuously or pulsed (1 to 10 sec pulses) at 40 ml/min. ECB larvae oriented toward maize odors pulsed at 2 to 6 sec but walked away from maize odors delivered at lower frequencies (9 and 10 sec pulses or to continuous ones). They consistently walked away from spinach odors, irrespective of the pulsing regime except at 1 sec pulses that did not elicit orientation. We further explored odor intensity on orientation towards maize odors by adjusting the odor stream intensity. At higher intensity (60 ml/min), the direction reversal started at the 6 sec half period, while at lower intensity (20 ml/min), it showed up only for the continuous stimulus. ECB larvae exhibit a striking ability to lock on to a direction, which they maintained despite gaps of up to 10 sec in the odor stream. Our results demonstrate that ECB neonate larvae express innate orientation preferences towards natural odors from plants. These reactions correlate well with the biological value of these plants for ECB: maize generally is accepted by ECB larvae and adults, while spinach represents a poor host because it produces (non-volatile) phytoecdysteroids that are toxic and deterrent.
机译：鳞翅目幼虫能够通过使用气味作为线索来朝向或远离植物定向，但是这种吸引力是先天的还是次要的仍然未知。我们检验了以下假设：欧洲玉米bore（ECB）新生幼虫对玉米释放的气味具有先天的吸引力，而对菠菜则避免产生气味。将新生幼虫放在运动补偿器上的恒湿空气流中，该恒流间歇地装载了从盆栽植物中散发出的空气传播的气味。气味流以40毫升/分钟的速度连续传送或脉冲（1到10秒脉冲）。 ECB幼虫的方向是在2到6秒内产生脉冲的玉米气味，但远离以较低频率（9秒和10秒脉冲或连续的脉冲）传递的玉米气味。他们始终摆脱菠菜的气味，而与脉冲方式无关，除了在1秒内没有引起定向的脉冲外。我们通过调节气味流强度进一步探索了朝向玉米气味的气味强度。在较高的强度（60 ml / min）下，方向反转在6秒半周期开始，而在较低的强度（20 ml / min）下，仅在连续刺激下出现。 ECB幼虫表现出很强的锁定方向的能力，尽管气味流中的间隙长达10秒，但它们仍保持了该方向。我们的结果表明，ECB新生幼虫表现出对植物天然气味的先天取向偏好。这些反应与这些植物对ECB的生物学价值具有良好的关联：玉米通常被ECB幼虫和成虫接受，而菠菜代表的宿主不好，因为菠菜会产生有毒和威慑力的（非挥发性）植物蜕皮激素。

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