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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Chemical Ecology: Official Journal of the International Society of Chemical Ecology >Performance of generalist and specialist herbivores and their endoparasitoids differs on cultivated and wild Brassica populations
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Performance of generalist and specialist herbivores and their endoparasitoids differs on cultivated and wild Brassica populations

机译：在耕种和野生芸苔种群上，普通草食动物和特种草食动物及其内寄生物的表现不同

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Through artificial selection, domesticated plants often contain modified levels of primary and secondary metabolites compared to their wild progenitors. It is hypothesized that the changed chemistry of cultivated plants will affect the performance of insects associated with these plants. In this paper, the development of several specialist and generalist herbivores and their endoparasitoids were compared when reared on a wild and cultivated population of cabbage, Brassica oleracea, and a recently established feral Brassica species. Irrespective of insect species or the degree of dietary specialization, herbivores and parasitoids developed most poorly on the wild population. For the specialists, plant population influenced only development time and adult body mass, whereas for the generalists, plant populations also affected egg-to-adult survival. Two parasitoid species, a generalist (Diadegma fenestrale) and a specialist (D. semiclausum), were reared from the same host (Plutella xylostella). Performance of D. semiclausum was closely linked to that of its host, whereas the correlation between survival of D. fenestrale and host performance was less clear. Plants in the Brassicaceae characteristically produce defense-related glucosinolates (GS). Levels of GS in leaves of undamaged plants were significantly higher in plants from the wild population than from the domesticated populations. Moreover, total GS concentrations increased significantly in wild plants after herbivory, but not in domesticated or feral plants. The results of this study reveal that a cabbage cultivar and plants from a wild cabbage population exhibit significant differences in quality in terms of their effects on the growth and development of insect herbivores and their natural enemies. Although cultivated plants have proved to be model systems in agroecology, we argue that some caution should be applied to evolutionary explanations derived from studies on domesticated plants, unless some knowledge exists on the history of the system under investigation.
机译：通过人工选择，驯化植物与其野生祖先相比，通常含有修饰水平的一级和二级代谢产物。假设栽培植物化学性质的变化将影响与这些植物相关的昆虫的性能。在本文中，比较了在野生和栽培白菜，甘蓝型油菜和最近建立的野生芸苔属种群上饲养时，几种专门和通用草食动物及其内寄生物的发育。不论昆虫种类或饮食专业化程度如何，在野生种群上草食动物和类寄生虫的发育最差。对于专家而言，植物种群仅影响发育时间和成年体重，而对于通才，植物种群也影响卵子至成虫的存活。从同一寄主（小菜蛾）饲养了两个类寄生物，一个是通才（Diadegma fenestrale），另一个是专长（D. semiclausum）。 D. semiclausum的性能与其寄主的性能紧密相关，而Fenestrale的存活率与寄主性能之间的相关性尚不清楚。十字花科的植物特征性地产生防御相关的芥子油苷（GS）。野生种群的植物中未受损植物的叶片中的GS水平显着高于驯化种群的植物中。此外，食草后野生植物中总GS浓度显着增加，但驯化或野生植物中未显着增加。这项研究的结果表明，在对昆虫食草动物及其天敌的生长和发育的影响方面，甘蓝品种和野生白菜种群的植物在质量上表现出显着差异。尽管已证明栽培植物是农业生态学中的模型系统，但我们认为，除非对被研究系统的历史存在某些了解，否则应谨慎对待从对驯化植物的研究中得出的进化解释。

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